社会支持和歧视知觉对流动儿童孤独感的影响:一项追踪研究被引量：35

The Effect of Social Support and Perceived Discrimination on Loneliness Among Migrant Children:A Longitudinal Study

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摘要为了探讨流动儿童孤独感、歧视知觉、社会支持随时间变化的特点,以及社会支持、歧视知觉对孤独感的影响作用及机制,本研究从北京市公立学校和打工子弟学校选取1164名流动儿童,采用问卷调查的形式对流动儿童的孤独感、歧视知觉和社会支持进行了为期一年的追踪测查,回收有效追踪数据680份。对前、后测均参加的680名被试数据进行分析发现:(1)随着进入城市时间的增长,流动儿童的孤独感和歧视知觉显著减少,报告的社会支持显著增加;(2)流动儿童报告的社会支持、歧视知觉与孤独感之间是相互作用的动态过程。前测的歧视知觉和报告的社会支持共同影响前测孤独感;同时,前测孤独感又会影响后测歧视知觉和报告的社会支持,进而影响后测孤独感。并且在这个动态作用过程中,前、后测社会支持既能分别直接影响前、后测孤独感,前测社会支持还能通过后测社会支持和歧视知觉间接影响后测孤独感;而前、后测歧视知觉则只能分别直接影响前、后测孤独感;(3)前测歧视知觉和社会支持都不能直接影响后测的孤独感,而是需要通过影响后测歧视知觉和社会支持才能对后测的孤独感产生作用。 This study discusses the characteristics of loneliness,discrimination,and change in social support over time in relation to its effects on migrant children in China. With the goal of exploring the effect that social support mechanisms and perceived discrimination have on loneliness among migrant children,the present study uses a longitudinal method over the course of one-year. From public schools in Beijing and schools designed for migrant children,we tracked 1,164 migrant children＇s degree of loneliness,perceived discrimination,and social support systems. At the end of the year,out of the original 1,164,we were able to successfully track and analyze data from 680 participants. The results show that：（1） The longer the amount of time spent living in urban city,less loneliness and perceived discrimination was reported,and amount of social support increased significantly.（2） The effect of social support and perceived discrimination on loneliness among migrant children is an interactional development process：at the pretest measurement,social support and perceived discrimination had a combined influence on migrant children＇s reported degree of loneliness;also,pretest loneliness was found to influence posttest perceived discrimination and social support,and thus,affect migrant children＇s posttest loneliness. During this stage of development,social support can directly affect loneliness,it can also indirectly influence loneliness through perceived discrimination;however,perceived discrimination can only influence loneliness in a direct way.（3） Pretest perceived discrimination and social support did not have a significant direct effect on posttest loneliness,but they did indirectly affect posttest loneliness by influencing posttest discrimination and social support.

作者侯舒艨袁晓娇刘杨蔺秀云方晓义

机构地区北京师范大学发展心理研究所北京航空航天大学心理与行为研究所

出处《心理发展与教育》 CSSCI 北大核心 2011年第4期401-411,共11页 Psychological Development and Education

基金教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(05JJDXLX16) 北京市教育科学规划十一五项目(BAA08004) 北京市哲学社会科学十一五规划项目(09BdSH051)

关键词流动儿童孤独感歧视知觉社会支持 migrant children loneliness perceived discrimination social support longitudinal study

分类号 B844.1 [哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]

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