摘要
为了探讨重大入侵生物红火蚁Solenopsis invictaBuren与本地蚂蚁的竞争机制以及红火蚁成功入侵的机理,本研究以红火蚁和2种本地蚂蚁黑头酸臭蚁Tapinoma melanocephalum（Fabricius）及亮红大头蚁Pheidole fervidaSmith为材料,室内测定了红火蚁分别与黑头酸臭蚁、亮红大头蚁之间在个体水平和种群水平上的攻击性和攻击强度。一对一攻击试验结果表明：红火蚁和黑头酸臭蚁之间攻击级别多集中在Ⅲ级,即竞争优势明显的红火蚁对黑头酸臭蚁缺乏激烈的攻击,只是在相互攻击时多摆出威胁姿势;红火蚁与亮红大头蚁之间攻击性较强,尤其是红火蚁中型和小型工蚁与亮红大头蚁兵蚁之间的攻击性（3.35和3.30）显著强于红火蚁大型工蚁与亮红大头蚁兵蚁的攻击性（2.70）。群体攻击试验结果表明：与黑头酸臭蚁群体攻击的红火蚁各处理组合中,无死亡红火蚁出现,而黑头酸臭蚁死亡率为31.80%;而与亮红大头蚁群体攻击中,红火蚁死亡率为0.20%~12.00%,而亮红大头蚁平均死亡率为49.91%。可见,红火蚁的群体攻击能力强于黑头酸臭蚁和亮红大头蚁,其中红火蚁与亮红大头蚁间的相互攻击程度激烈,死亡率较高,而与黑头酸臭蚁间的攻击程度较弱,可能由于黑头酸臭蚁化学防御对本身起到一定的保护作用,这为进一步加强红火蚁发生区本地蚂蚁优势种——黑头酸臭蚁的保护利用提供理论基础。
In order to explore the mechanism of interference competition of the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren,against native ants and the success of invasive species,important invasive species S.invicta and two native ants Tapinoma melanocephalum（Fabricius） and Pheidole fervida Smith were used as test insects in this study.Interference competition between S.invicta and two native ants at one-on-one and community levels was studied in the laboratory.The aggressiveness test at the one-on-one level between S.invicta and T.melanocephalum revealed that the mutual aggressiveness was weak because workers of both species did not perform stronger tussle,but only displayed threatening posture although S.invicta had more competitive advantage.The aggressive level was concentrated on level Ⅲ.The aggressive indices between one of minor,medium workers of S.invicta and soldiers of P.fervida were significantly higher than those between major workers of S.invicta and soldiers of P.fervida,suggesting that the aggression between those two ants are more intensive.In tests at the community level,no dead S.invicta ants were found in competitive combination of S.invicta against T.melanocephalum with the average mortality of 31.80% for T.melanocephalum ants,although the mortality for S.invicta was 0.20%-12.00% in competitive combination of S.invicta against P.fervida with the average mortality of 49.91% for P.fervida ants.The results indicated that the aggressive intensity of S.invicta was stronger than the two native ants,and the aggressiveness between S.invicta and P.fervida was stronger than that between S.invicta and T.melanocephalum.The lower mortality of T.melanocephalum may owe to its chemical defensive ability.This work laid a theoretical foundation for further study on protection and utilization of the dominant native species T.melanocephalum against S.invicta.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期602-608,共7页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
广东省自然科学基金项目(6025386)
广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所所长基金(植-2009-5)
关键词
红火蚁
黑头酸臭蚁
亮红大头蚁
干扰竞争
攻击试验
Red imported fire ant（Solenopsis invicta）
Tapinoma melanocephalum
Pheidole fervida
interference competition
aggressiveness test
