摘要
2010年3月10日福建西北部果树生产遭受罕见的春季晚霜冻灾,闽东鹫峰山(N27°、E118°50')、闽中戴云山(N25°40'、E118°10')、闽西博平岭(N24°50'、E117°10')以北区域均遭受不同程度的为害;受冻果树包括柑橘、梨、桃、李、木奈、柿、梅等主栽果类在内共计7科18属24种2变种,当年产量损失约1/4.据成灾过程天气分析,此例春季果树冻灾为二类极端天气共同促成:(1)早春2月份平均气温显著偏高2.5℃,其重现率为51/6(约8.5 a一遇),致使果树物候期提前约15 d;(2)3月10日霜冻较当地平均终霜日(3月1日)后延10 d,且极端最低温在3月上旬的重现率≥51/1,致使多种果类花期或春梢期与晚霜相遇成灾.在闽籍果树史未曾有相似的灾害记载.据灾后的施救调查,南方果树春季冻后修剪应等待枝梢组织生死分明后,再依受害程度一次修剪到位,特别是藤本的葡萄、猕猴桃应待冻后数日视结果母蔓下位新梢的花穗、花芽萌发,再行修剪以避免伤流.由于春季的土温、水温已显著回升,遇辐射霜冻时采取烟熏、喷水或覆盖有较好的防冻效果.
On March 10, 2010, fruit trees in northwestern Fujian were hit by a late spring frost with an unusual severity. The frost affected the regions north of Jiufeng Mountain （N27^., El18^.50＇） in eastern Fujian, Daiyun Mountain （N25^.40＇, El18^.10＇） in central Fujian, and Boping Ridge in western Fujian （N24^.50＇, El17^.lO＇） to varying degrees. Fruit trees damaged by the frost in cluded two variants in 24 species, 18 genera, and seven families, such as orange, pear, peach, plum, apple and persimmon, and their yearly output dropped by about one fourth. An analysis of the inclement weather condition shows that the frost bite of the fruit trees was the result of two climatic factors ： First, in the early spring in February, the temperature was 2.5 ~C higher than usual, which had a recurrence rate of 8.5 years （51/6） ; as a result, the phenological period of the fruit trees began about 15 days early. Second, the frost, which hit on March 10, was 10 days behind the local average ending date of frost, which normally falls on March 1, and the extreme minimum temperature had a recurrence rate of not less than 51/1 in early March; consequently, the flowering period or spring twig period of various fruit trees coincided with the late frost, resulting in extensive damage. No similar frost damage is found in the historical records on fruit trees in Fujian. An investigation in the wake of the damage shows that, in southern China, post-frost trimming in spring can be carried out after dead shoot tissues have become apparent. For vine grapes and kiwi fruits, to a- void bleeding, trimming should not be performed until after new buds are seen on the young shoots at the lower end of the vine a couple of days after the frost. As soil and water temperatures in spring have risen considerably, in the event of a radiation frost, fruit trees can be fumigated, sprinkled with water or covered up to prevent damage by frost.
出处
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期128-132,共5页
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition
基金
福建省科技厅重点项目(2009N0030)
关键词
果树
春季
冻害
fruit tree
spring
frost damage
