摘要
抗生素是畜禽养殖业中常用的一类兽药,经饲料添加用量大,体内代谢率低,主要通过粪便排出体外。当畜禽粪便在养殖场周边堆放或施入农田后,会对生态环境造成一定的污染危害,而这种影响与畜禽粪对其的吸附强弱密切有关。研究了猪粪和鸡粪对土霉素、泰乐菌素、磺胺二甲嘧啶和恩诺沙星等4种常用抗生素的吸附能力。结果表明,畜禽粪对抗生素的吸附强度因抗生素种类的不同可有很大的变化,吸附强度大小为:土霉素>恩诺沙星>泰乐菌素>磺胺二甲嘧啶;鸡粪对抗生素的吸附强度略高于猪粪;从畜禽粪中分离的胶体物质对抗生素的吸附高于相应的畜禽粪。由此可以推断,当畜禽粪便在养殖场周边堆放或施入农田时,磺胺二甲嘧啶与畜禽粪结合较弱,以可溶态形式流失的风险较大,而土霉素、恩诺沙星和泰乐菌素以可溶态的流失风险较小,但它们也可呈胶体结合态随地表径流流失。
Antibiotics was a common veterinary drug used in livestock production,whose addition dosage in feed was large and metabolite rate was low.It passed out from the body mainly through feces.The environments might therefore be exposed to these antibiotics due to the application of animal manure into agricultural land or open storage of untreated manure.The fate and effects of the antibiotics applied in agricultural fields are partly governed by absorption characteristics of the antibiotics.Thus,laboratory studies were conducted to characterize the absorption abilities of four typical antibiotic compounds,oxytetracycline（C22H24N2O9HCl）,tylosin（C46H77NO17）,enrofloxacin（C19H22FN3O3） and sulfadimidine（C12H14N4O2S）,using pig and poultry manures.The results showed that adsorption behaviors were related to species of antibiotics.Oxytetracycline,tylosin,and enrofloxacin were more strongly adsorbed onto manures and colloidal materials than sulfadimidine.Poultry manure had greater capacity to adsorb antibiotics than pig manure.The absorption of the antibiotics to colloidal materials isolated from animal manures was higher than corresponding animal manures.Our experimental results showed that when animal manures were stacked around the farm or were applied into agricultural land,the absorption of sulfadimidine and manures was weaker,and the loss risk with soluble form was larger;however,the loss risk with soluble form of oxytetracycline,tylosin,and enrofloxacin was smaller and they could be washed away with the soil surface runoff in colloid combination state.
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期373-377,共5页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20060335018)
关键词
抗生素
吸附
畜禽粪
环境风险
antibiotics
absorption
animal manure
environmental risk
