摘要
本文通过酸碱蚀、强机械力和极性分子等表面作用，利用红外吸收光谱手段分析７种重要矿物粉尘的表面基团裸露、转化过程，总结了矿物粉尘表面存在的基团类型及其表面活性位的分布及在不同环境条件下的转化，对讨论粉尘生物活性及矿物表面／ 细胞物理化学作用过程有重要意义。
The authors analysed naked and transformed groups of fibrous brucite, wollastonite, chrysotile asbestos, sepiolite, palygorskite, clinoptilolite, crocidolite and diatomaceous earth mineral dusts by IR under acid and alkali etching and strong mechanical and polarized molecular interaction. The results show that the active sites focus on ends in stick dusts and on defects or hole edges in pipe dusts. The inside active sites of dusts play a major role in small molecular substances. The shapes of dusts affect their distribution and densities of active sites. The strong mechanical force and weak chemical force change the active site feature of minerals, the powder process makes more surface goups naked and causes the increase of combined types. The dust activity is related to the types, contribution and degree of nakedness of surface groups.The studied surface groups of dusts are as follows: fibrous brucite: OH -, Mg(OH) +; wollastonite: Si-O-Si, Ca-O-Si; chrysotile asbestos: OH -, Mg(OH) +, Si-O; sepiolite: OH -, Si-O-Si, -Mg-OH 2, -Al(Si)-OH; palygorskite: OH -, Si-O-Si(Al), -Mg(Al)-OH 2, -Al(Si)-OH; clinoptilolite: Si-O-Si(Al), -Mg(Ca)-OH 2, Ca-O; diatomaceous earth: -Si-O, Si-O-Si, -Si…OH; crocidolite: OH -, Si-O-Si, Mg(Fe)-OH. Due to the differences in surface composition and structure, the minerals show remarkable disparity in activity and character of surface groups: wollastonite, diatomaceous earth and clinoptilolite have independent surface OH - while fibrous brucite only has surface OH -. The one side surface group of chrysotile layer is the same as that of fibrous brucite, and stripped layers have more naked groups. The surface OH - of fibrous sepiolite and palygorskite is similar to that of crocidolite, whose nakedness is related to the surface structural defects and cleavages. The better developed the mineral defects, the higher the OH -(H 2O +) content. The main H 2O + form of clinoptilolite can be partly transformed into H +, NH + 4 or OH -. The acid etching process may change OH - concentration and distribution and increase the defects and porosity of mineral fiber surface. The alkali etching has no effect on Si-O and Si-OH but will destroy Al-O and Al-OH - acid sites of sepiolite, palygorskite and clinoptilolite. Some surface groups of remnants quite differ from original dusts; wollastonite and chrysotile asbestos remnants, for example, become SiO 2. The surface process of small polarized molecule or middle molecule branch may produce ionization and new coordinate bond and change the active properties and level of original dusts, such as the porous minerals procucing Si-HO-Al, Si-HO-Si acid site, which might play some assistant calalytic role in biochemical process.imal Husbandary Bureau, Huangchuan 465150,China) Abstract:Ascitesosis of Trionyx sinensis occurred recently in the Henan provice. Two strains of bacteria were isolated from serious cases and proved to be the pathogenic bacteria with artificial tests. In the light of the morphology, nutrient demands,growth characteristics, and biochemical reactions of them, they belong to A.hydrophila and A.sobria respectively.Drug-sensitivity tests show that the strains were sensitive to amikacin, cefoperazone, Ceftriaxon and Gentamicin. When these drugs were used to treat diseased Trionyx sinensis, good results were got. Abstract:Ascitesosis of Trionyx sinensis occurred recently in the Henan provice. Two strains of bacteria were isolated from serious cases and proved to be the pathogenic bacteria with artificial tests. In the light of the morphology, nutrient demands,growth characteristics, and biochemical reactions of them, they belong to A.hydrophila and A.sobria respectively.Drug-sensitivity tests show that the strains were sensitive to amikacin, cefoperazone, Ceftriaxon and Gentamicin. When these drugs were used to treat diseased Trionyx sinensis, good results were got. Ascitesosis of Trionyx sinensis occurred recently in the Henan provice. Two strains of bacteria were isolated from serious cases and proved to be the patho
出处
《岩石矿物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第3期264-272,共9页
Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
矿物粉尘
表面官能团
活性位
矿尘
矿样制备
mineral dust
surface group
active site
mineral surface/cell physicochemistry
