摘要
１９９４ 年 ４～１１ 月在东太平洋铁锰结核区， 使用 “向阳红 ０９”船， 采集 ３９ 个表层沉积物、１２ 个上覆水和 ７ 个结核样。在现场用平板法测定了异养细菌和铁、锰细菌丰度， 用稀释法（ Ｍ Ｐ Ｎ 法） 测定硫酸还原菌丰度。为了探讨微生物在大洋成矿过程的作用， 在实验室对异养细菌和锰细菌作纯化分离， 并进行了多项生理生化实验， 参照伯杰氏手册第八版鉴定至属。使用分光光度法， 测定锰细菌对锰、铁离子的转化作用， 使用 ｐ Ｈ 计测定了ｐ Ｈ 值的变化， 同时测定了不同培养温度对转化作用的影响。结果表明， 沉积物中异养细菌的数量在 ３×１００～９５×１０３个／ｇ； 锰、铁细菌的数量在１×１００ ～１×１０３ 个／ｇ； 硫酸盐还原细菌的数量分布范围在 ０～４×１０３个／ｇ；在上覆水和结核样中各类细菌的数量均较低，比沉积物样中各类细菌数低 １ 个数量级。在细菌的种群组成方面与近海区相比存在差异， 特别是在革兰氏阳性菌的组成上微球菌占了绝对优势。在成矿作用方面， 锰细菌对锰、铁氧化还原的实验结果表明， 在好氧的条件下， 锰细菌使可溶性的 Ｍ ｎ２＋ 氧化为 Ｍ ｎ４＋ ， 其氧化速度与环境温度存在密切关系， 锰细菌对铁的氧化速度比对锰的氧化速度来得快。
Abundance and distribution of bacteria in ferromanganese nodule area of the East Pacific Ocean were investigated during April to November 1994 The results showed that the abundance of heterotrophyc bacteria in the sediments ranged from 3×10\+0 to 9 5×10\+3 cell/g, that of iron and manganese bacteria from 1×10\+0 to 10\+3 cell/g and the sulfate reducing bacteria ranged from 0 to 4×10\+3 cell/g The abundance of various bacteria in overlaying water was one order of magnitude lower than that in iron\|manganese The bacterial composition in the study area was different from that in offshore, particularly Micrococcus which was absolutely predominated among Gram\|positive bacteria The results of the experiment on oxidation\|reduction of iron and manganese by bacteria shows that in aerobic condition Mn\+\{2+\} (dissolved state) was oxidized into Mn\+\{4+\} (indissolved state) by manganese bacteria and the rate was closely correlated to ambient temperature The speed of iron oxidation by manganese bacteria was higher than that of manganese oxidation by them; while in anaerobic culture the manganese bacteria reduced iron and made the pH of the culture liquor decreased
出处
《东海海洋》
1999年第3期46-54,共9页
Donghai Marine Science
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
东太平洋
成矿作用
异养细菌
锰细菌
铁锰结核
the East Pacific Ocean
mineralization
heterotrophyc bacteria
manganese bacteria
