摘要
对东太平洋深海瘤状锰结核透射电镜的系统观察和分析表明，瘤状锰结核的包壳，即奇异叠层石的建造者是纳米级的螺旋状微生物。螺旋状微生物体的菌落呈圆盘状至不规则分技状，菌落中心下陷。营养菌丝体呈辐射状从中央向周围生长。营养菌丝体的柬宽度为１７～６０ｎｍ，呈双分叉。生殖菌丝体由粗细不等的螺旋状丝体组成。螺旋状丝体的宽度为３～２５ｎｍ，长度为３６～２００ｎｍ，螺环宽度（菌丝直径）为２～４ｎｍ。螺旋状生殖丝体分叉，抱囊呈球形，深陷于螺旋状生殖菌丝体之中。抱囊直径为９～５０ｎｍ、抱囊内赋存有球形抱子，球形抱子直径为４～６ｎｍ。本文将该纳米级螺旋状微生物化石暂归入放线菌纲，建立一个新属种，即太平洋螺球抱菌（Ｓｐｉｒｉｓｏｓｐｈａｅｒｏｓｐｏｒａｐａｃｉｆｉｃａ）。毫无疑问，纳米级微生物化石的发现对深海锰结核以及生命起源的研究将起一定的促进作用，对生物矿物学、生物地球化学、生物成矿理论、微生物学都具有重要的意义。
The spiral ultra-microfossils have been discovered in the pelagic knobbly mansanese nodules from the East Pacific Ocean(Photo 1) with the help of transmission electron microscope JEM 200CX. It haS been revealed that the chain-like and the spiral ultra-microbes are the real builders of the stromatolite(admirabilis), i.e.the coatings of manganese nodules(Photo 2).The colony of the spiral microbes ate of disk-like or irregular morphology with a sunken center (Photo 3). The nutritive hypha and the reproductive hypha can be discriminated based on their morphology(Fig.1). The branching nutritive hypha grow from the center of colony to its periphery and the width of the hypha bundles is about 17-60nm.The spiral reproductive hypha is about 2-4nm in diameter(Photo 4,5, Fig.2).The screws formed by the spiral reproductive hypha are 3-25nm wide and 36-200nm long.The spheroidal sporangium of 9-50nm in diameter can be seen among the mycelium (Photo 6).The spheroidal spores of 4-6nm in diameter can be found in these cases.The authors propose setting up a new species Spirisosphaerospora paofica in the Actinomyces.The discovery of the ultra-microfossils has produced a direct evidence in support of biogenec formation of the manganese nodules.Some peculiar features of the pelagic manganese nodules,such as heterogeneity in mineral composition, poor crystallinity, special structure and texture,can be explained reasonably by the biogenic formation.The new ultra-microfossils as a large molecule will promote the research work on the origin and evolution of life.
出处
《高校地质学报》
CAS
CSCD
1995年第1期109-116,共8页
Geological Journal of China Universities
基金
国家教委博士点基金
南京大学现代分析中心测试基金
成矿作用实验室开放基金
关键词
深海
锰结核
多金属结构
螺肇状超微生物
放线菌
Pelagic manganese nodule, Polymetallic nodule,Spiral microfossil,Actinomycetales,Spirisosphaerospora pacifica.
