摘要
以祁连山北坡为典型研究区,分析了20条河流所在流域的水文、气象数据以及植被、冰川等山地景观要素的特征数据,采用流域对比分析的方法,研究了山地植被景观及冰川覆盖对河川径流的影响.结果表明:森林、草地及冰川是祁连山区影响河川径流量的主要景观要素.森林有"减少"径流的作用,而草地、冰川有"增加"径流的作用,并且随着森林、草地覆盖率的增高,相应的河川径流量"减少"或"增加"速率变缓.祁连山各景观要素中草地、森林、冰川覆盖率在现有基础上各自相对增加1%时对应的河川调节量分别为2.3mm、-0.27mm、0.06mm.研究区相同面积景观要素的径流调节能力有:森林>草地>冰川,其中森林的径流调节能力明显要高于草地、冰川,平均是草地、冰川的3.45倍与11.4倍.
The Qilian Mountains was selected as a typical study area.Comparative analyses of the hydrological,meteorological and landscape data were done for 20 rivers on the north slopes of the Qilian Mountains in order to study the influence of landscape on river runoff.The following conclusions were drawn： the main landscape elements,which impact the amount of runoff in the Qilian Mountains,are forest,grassland and glaciers.Forest has an effect of ＂reducing runoff＂,while the grass and glaciers have an effect of ＂increasing runoff＂,and with increase of the coverage of forest and grassland,the effect of ＂reducing runoff＂ and effect of ＂increasing runoff＂ were slowing down.It is found that when the coverage of grassland,forest and glacier increases by 1%,respectively,the river will change the regulating volume of 2.3 mm,-0.27 mm and 0.06 mm,respectively.The order of runoff regulation capacity of the landscape elements in unit area is： forestgrasslandglaciers.One can see that the runoff regulation capacity of the forest is 3.45 times more than that of grassland in average.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期397-404,共8页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
科技部国际合作项目(2008DFA20400)
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411506)
中国科学院百人计划项目资助
关键词
祁连山北坡
森林
草地
冰川
调节径流能力
north slopes of the Qilian Mountains
forest
grassland
glacier
ability of runoff regulation
