摘要
研究学科领域知识丰富性不同的学生在问题信息表征层次上的特点。采用"学习—再认"范式,以5类等式为材料,62名学生参与实验。结果:两组被试对表面和原理特征一致等式产生明显的错误再认;对表面特征不一致等式的错误率明显减少。两组对表面特征一致等式的反应时无显著差别,但在正确率上丰富组的更高。说明:两组均以有序的系列加工编码信息,优先编码表面特征。贫乏组对原理特征的编码干扰表面特征的加工,因而丢弃原理特征。丰富组加工表面特征则无干扰现象,两种特征均作为再认线索。
It has been established that learners with different abundance of domain knowledge focus on different aspects of problems,with the tendency that poor groups focus more on surface features rather than on principled features and rich groups focus on principled features.But the mechanisms that underlie these differences were less known.In the present study,the mechanisms of representational levels of students with different abundance of disciplinary domain knowledge were investigated in 5 categories secondary school mathematical/arithmetic equations（Learning materials,＂S＋P＋＂,＂S＋P-＂,＂S-P＋＂ and ＂S-P-＂） by a ＂study-test＂ pattern.＂S＋＂ referred to ＂Surface Features ＋＂,and maintained the same levels of surface features as ＂Old targets＂ used in the learning phase and ＂S-＂ referred to the surface features which violate learning materials＇ surface features.＂P＋＂ referred to ＂Principle Features ＋＂,and maintained the same levels of principle features as ＂Old targets＂ used in the learning phase and ＂P-＂ referred to the principle features which violate learning materials＇ principle features.62 secondary school students attended the experiment.32 of them formed the rich disciplinary domain knowledge group and 30 formed the poor disciplinary domain knowledge group.The results showed： For the poor disciplinary domain knowledge group,when surface features were presented,they produced a higher ＂Old target＂ response than surface features were absent and the reaction time of ＂S-P＋＂ equations were significantly less than ＂S＋P＋＂ equations＇.These results indicated the poor group tended to depend on the surface features when they judged the equations.Also,the ＂Old target＂ reaction rate and reaction time of ＂S＋P＋＂ equations were significantly higher than ＂S＋P-＂ equations＇.It suggested the equation recognition of the poor group not only based itself on surface features,but also on principled features.For the rich disciplinary domain knowledge group,the correct recognition rate of ＂S-P＋＂ equations was significantly higher than ＂S＋P＋＂ equations.It showed surface features＇ absence brought the rich groups a higher correct recognition rate.The results indicated,that besides principled features,the rich group also encoded surface features and when surface features were obvious,preceded encoding surface features.Moreover,when surface features were presented,the rich group showed a longer reaction time but the correct recognition rate had no significant difference than surface features were absent.It suggested processed surface features needed additional cognitive resources but it did not interfere with the processing of principled features.To sum up,the present study indicated,（1） Both poor and rich groups encoded surface and principled features in the same serial processing,with surface features preceding principled.（2） The extraction clne of the poor group was based on surface features;principle features were discarded because of its interference.（3） The process of surface features by the rich group required additional cognitive resources but there was no interference in principled features processing.Both surface and principled features were considered as extraction clues.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期398-401,共4页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家社会科学基金"十一五"规划教育学课题(BBA080049)的资助
广州市人文社会科学(发展与教育心理学)重点研究基地研究成果
关键词
学科领域知识
表征层次
表面特征与原理特征
disciplinary domain knowledge
representational levels
surface and principled features
