摘要
以砂梨品种‘早生新水'、‘翠冠'、‘黄花'、‘圆黄'和‘沪1号'为试材,对2008～2010年大棚与露地梨花粉量、花粉萌发率及花粉管长度进行了研究。结果表明:3年中,2008年和2010年大棚比露地梨花粉量少,2009年则稍多;大棚比露地梨花粉萌发率低,花粉管短。大棚栽培下梨花粉量2009年>2008年>2010年(早生新水除外),梨花粉萌发率2009年比2008年稍高(黄花除外),2010年最低,甚至大棚翠冠不萌发,梨花粉管长度2009年最长。露地梨花粉量和花粉萌发率2008年最高,梨花粉管长度2009年较长。3年中大棚早生新水花粉量相对最少,花粉萌发率最低;露地黄花和圆黄花粉萌发率高,其中2008年露地黄花花粉萌发率最高,为81.01%,且两者不但花粉萌发率高,花粉量也多,花粉管较长。温度在花粉活力及座果率中起关键作用。生产上应选择亲和力好、花粉量大和花粉生活力强的花粉作授粉用。
Fruit of pear cultivars ＇Zaosheng xinshui＇,＇Cuiguan＇,＇Huanghua＇,＇Yuanhuang＇ and ＇No.1 Hu＇ were used as materials for studying pollen grains per anther,pollen germination rate and pollen tube length in greenhouse and open field in 2008～2010.The results showed that pear pollen grains per anther in greenhouse was little than that in open field in 2008 and in 2010,it was opposite in 2009;pear pollen germination rate and pollen tube length in greenhouse was lower and shorter respectivly than that in open field, in three years.In greenhouse,pear pollen grains per anther in 2009 was the most,then which in 2008,which was the least in 2010 （except for ＇Zaosheng xinshui＇ ）;pear pollen germination rate in 2009 was higher than that in 2008（except for ＇Huanghua＇）,which was the lowest in 2010 and even ＇Cuiguan＇ pollen germination rate in greenhouse in 2010 was zero,pear pollen tube length in greenhouse in 2009 was longest.In open field,pear pollen grains per anther and pollen germination rate in 2008 were highest,pear pollen tube length in 2009 was longer.In three years,＇Zaosheng xinshui pollen grains per anther in greenhouse was least relatively and its pollen germination rate was lowest;＇Huanghua＇ and ＇Yuanhuang＇ pollen germination rate in open field were high,meanwhile, ＇Huanghua＇ pollen germination rate in open field was highest for 81.01%,and their pollen grains per anther was more,and pollen tube length was longer.The temperature played a key role in pollen viability and fruit set rate.Pollen,which had compatibility well, great pollen grains per anther and high pollen viability,was used for pollination in production.
出处
《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》
2010年第6期514-517,共4页
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)
基金
上海市科委重点科技攻关项目(08391910500)
上海市科委重点科技攻关项目(09391910100)
关键词
大棚
露地
梨
花粉量
花粉萌发率
花粉管长度
greenhouse
open field
pear
pollen grains per anther
pollen germination rate
pollen tube length
