摘要
盐碱胁迫导致水稻结实率降低是盐碱地水稻生产中的主要问题之一.以非盐碱土壤为对照,将不同比例的盐碱土和非盐碱土壤充分混合,设置5个土壤盐碱胁迫梯度,根据苏打盐碱土的特殊性,以土壤碱化度(ESP)为胁迫指标因子,用盆栽实验研究了盐碱胁迫下水稻花粉表面形态特征、花粉生活力和柱头对花粉的接受能力等.结果表明,盐碱胁迫下,水稻花粉表面形态结构表现出明显差异,盐碱胁迫处理的花粉表面凸凹程度较浅,雕纹不明显,相对平滑,而对照(SS0)花粉粒雕纹较深,SS4盐碱胁迫下只有孔环没有孔盖.盐碱胁迫对水稻花粉生活力产生了影响,随着盐碱胁迫的增强,水稻花粉在离体培养基上的萌发率呈下降趋势,品种‘吉农大10号’花粉萌发率在SS4和SS2处理分别比对照(SS0)降低34.4%和15.5%,对盐碱胁迫反应比‘吉优1号’更为敏感.盐碱胁迫下,水稻柱头对有萌发力的花粉的接受程度依胁迫强度的增大而降低,在轻、中度盐碱胁迫(SS1、SS2)下,‘吉优1号’柱头对花粉的接受能力强于‘吉农大10号’品种,而在重度盐碱胁迫(SS3、SS4)下则相反.盐碱胁迫下柱头对花粉的接受能力对水稻结实具有重要意义.
The effects of salinity and sodicity stresses on pollen surface characteristics,viability and stigma receptivity of rice were studied under pot experiment conditions by using soil exchangeable sodium percentage（ESP） as the stress indicator.The different stresses were obtained by mixing saline sodic soil with normal soil at different ratios.The results showed that the pollen electron microscopic surface characteristics changed under the salinity and sodicity stresses.The pollen surface was relatively smooth with few carve veins under the different stresses,while more obvious carve veins were observed under no stress by using normal soil.No aperture cover was found under the SS4 salinity and sodicity stress.The pollen viability was also affected by the stresses.Rice pollen germination rate on the culture medium decreased with the increasing of the salinity and sodicity stresses.The pollen germination rates of rice cultivar Jinongda 10 under low and moderate stresses（SS1 and SS2） were reduced by 34.4% and15.5% compared to the control,respectively,showing this cultivar was more sensitive to the stress than Jiyou 1.Rice stigma receptivity to the germinated pollens decreased with the increasing of the salinity and sodicity stresses.Jiyou 1 showed higher stigma receptivity than Jinongda 10 under the low and moderate stresses（SS1 and SS2）,while it showed lower than Jinongda 10 under the high stresses（SS3 and SS4）.
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期63-66,共4页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2007BAD65B02-6)
吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项资金项目(No.2007SYHZ0035)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KZCX2-YW-Q06-2)资助~~
关键词
盐碱胁迫
水稻
花粉
扫描特征
生活力
柱头接受能力
salinity and sodicity stress
rice
pollen
surface scanning characteristics
viability
stigma receptivity
