摘要
采用重结晶法制备了K0.333(NH4)0.667NO3复盐,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)能谱和差热分析(DSC)等方法对复盐的微观形貌和晶体结构进行了表征。运用最小自由能原理,以燃烧温度、燃烧热、平衡态固相产物含量为目标函数,计算了K0.333(NH4)0.667NO3/C12H4O2体系燃烧热力学参数,设计出低烟雾输出点火药配方,对优化后配方的火焰感度、燃烧热效应进行了对比测试。结果表明:两种氧化剂达到了在分子间的均匀混合,晶型有序性高,热分解特征温度降低。与KNO3/C12H4O2点火药相比,K0.333(NH4)0.667NO3/C12H4O2点火药的火焰感度、燃烧热效应的降低值小于10%,而燃烧固相产物含量大幅度降低,烟雾信号特征减弱,对1.06μm激光的衰减率下降了73.9%。
K0.333（NH4）0.667NO3 was prepared using a recrystalization method.The micro-morphology and crystal structure of K0.333（NH4）0.667NO3 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction energy spectrum（XRD） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.Taking the equilibrium solid-phase products,combustion temperature and combustion heat as target functions,the combustion thermodynamic parameters of K0.333（NH4）0.667NO3/C12H4O2 were calculated using the least free-energy principle,and the low-smoke igniting charge formulas were designed,the flame sensitivity and combustion heat effects of optimized formulas were tested and compared.The results show that the intermolecular mixing between KNO3 and NH4NO3 is achieved,the crystal structure of double salt is well-ordered,and the thermal decomposition temperature decreases.Compared with KNO3/C12H4O2 igniting charge,the flame sensitivity and heat effect of K0.333（NH4）0.667NO3/C12H4O2 decrease less than 10%,its combustion solid phase products and smoke signature also decrease,and the attenuation rate of 1.06μm laser decreases about 73.9%.
出处
《兵工学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第10期1333-1336,共4页
Acta Armamentarii
关键词
分析化学
黑火药
复盐
硝酸钾
硝酸铵
低烟雾信号
analytical chemistry
black powder
double salt
KNO3
NH4NO3
low smoke signature
