摘要
目的：了解高校女生体型认知的现状,探讨其体型及体型认知与社交回避、社交苦恼、自尊和外向性的关系.方法：根据体质量指数（Body Mass Index,BMI）将苏州某高校6个学院18～23岁女生分为体质量超重和体质量标准两组,然后采用分层随机抽样法共抽取148名女生（体型超重组30人,体型标准组118人）,根据样本对自身体型是否满意,将样本进一步划分为体型超重-自认肥胖组（按照医学标准体型偏胖BMI〉22.9 ,且自认为体型偏胖者）（n=30）、体型标准-自认肥胖组（按照医学标准体型标准BMI〈22.9 ,但主观认为自己偏胖者）（n=78）、体型标准-自认满意组（按照医学标准体型标准BMI〈22.9 ,且主观上满意自身体型者）（n=40）.用社交回避及苦恼量表（Social Avoidance and Distress Scale,SAD）、自尊量表（self-esteem scale,SES）及向性检查卡进行调查.结果：（1）体型超重-自认肥胖组、体型标准-自认肥胖组和体型标准-自认满意组尝试减肥和因体型受挫的比率分别为83.3%、70.5%、42.5%和96.7%、76.9%、27.5%;（2）体型标准-自认肥胖组SAD的社交苦恼维度得分大于体型标准-自认满意组[（6.55±2.58）vs（5.15±3.28）,P〈0.05],体型超重-自认肥胖组SES得分和外向性指数小于体型标准-自认满意组[（28.90±4.30）vs（31.38±4.72）,（99.08±18.82）vs（111.16±24.33）,均P〈0.05];（3）BMI值与高校女生的社交回避、社交苦恼、自尊及外向性指数均无统计学意义（r=-0.00,0.01,0.10,-0.08,均P〉0.05）,SES得分与社交回避、社交苦恼得分呈正相关（r=0.25,0.31,均P〈0.01）,外向性指数得分与社交回避、社交苦恼及SES得分负相关（r=-0.48,0.41,-0.38,均P〈0.01）.结论：高校女生中对自身体型持非理性认知者比例较高,尝试减肥行为是普遍存在的现象;实际的体型与女生在社交以及自尊方面的表现无关,女生对自身体型的认知与她们在社交、自尊及外向性方面的表现有关.
Objective： To explore the relation of body type and body type perceiving to social avoidance, social distress, self-esteem and extroversion in female university students. Methods： The female students （ aged 18- 23 years ） from 6 colleges of a university in Suzhou were divided into overweight group and standard group according to their body mass index （BMI） . Then 148 female students （30 cases in overweight group, 118 cases in standard group） were selected, and according to their attitudes toward their own body type, they were divided into three groups： overweightunsatisfied group whose BMI was greater than 22. 9kg/m2 and considering themselves heavier than average （ n = 30 ） ; standard-unsatisfied group whose BMI was not greater than 22. 9kg/m2, but perceiving themselves as obese （ n = 78 ） ; standard-satisfied group whose BMI was not greater than 22. 9kg/m2 and were satisfied with their body type （ n = 40 ） . And they were assessed with the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale （ SAD）, Self-Esteem Scale （ SES ） and Awaji tropism Check Car＆ Results ： （ 1 ） The rates of the female students who tried to lose weight were 83.3%, 70. 5% and 42. 5%, respectively in the three groups, and the rates of those who were frustrated because of body type were 96. 7%, 76. 9% and 27. 5%, respectively. （ 2 ） Compared to standards-satisfied group, the students of standard-unsatisfied group scored higher in social distress scale [ （ 6. 55 ± 2. 58 ） vs. （ 5.15 ± 3.28 ） , P 〈 0.05 ] , and scored lower in SES and Awaji tropism Check Card [ （ 28.90 ± 4. 30 ） vs. （31.38±4.72）, （99.08±18.82） vs. （111.16±24.33）, Ps〈0.05] . （3） There was no significant relation of BMI values to social avoidance and distress, self-esteem and extroversion （r = -0. 00, 0. 01, 0. 10, - 0. 08, Ps 〉 0. 05 ） . Self-esteem was positively correlated with social avoidance and distress （ r = 0. 25, 0. 31, Ps 〈0. 01 ） . Extroversion was negatively correlated with social avoidance, social diotress and self-esteem （ r = - 0. 48, 0. 41, -0. 38, Ps 〈0. 01 ） . Conclusion： A relatively large proportion of female university students hold an irrational view of their body type. Weight loss behavior is common among female university students. The actual body type of female university students have no relationship with their performance in social activity, self-esteem and extroversion, but their irrational evaluation of their body type have significant relationship with their perform- ance in social activity, self-esteem and extroversion.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期864-867,872,共5页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
基金
江苏省教育科学"十一五"规划2008年度青年专项课题(C-b/2008/01/030)
苏州大学学生科研基金(KY2008275B)
关键词
心理卫生
问卷调查
高校女生
社交
自尊
外向性
横断面研究
mental health
survey
female university students
social activity
self-esteem
extroversion
cross-sectional studies
