摘要
通过田间试验研究了长江三峡库区主要的复合农业生态系统类型及其特点。应用生态学原理和间套作技术，在三峡地区建立了“小麦一玉米一红薯、小麦一蔬菜、柑桔一小麦、稻田复合系统”等多种复合农业生态系统。田间试验结果表明，旱地采用“小麦一蔬菜”方式比传统的“小麦一玉米一红薯”方式提高经济效益４０％～４７％，“中稻鸭鱼”模式的水稻产量达到Ｔ９５４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，比对照提高１２．５％。中稻一鱼、中稻一鸭鱼、中稻一草荡的经济产投比分别为３．９２，３．８１，和４７２，比传统模式提高５０％以上。此外，稻田养鸭或鱼系统可减少稻田害虫为害率，减少稻田杂草的发生率，减少农药的使用次数。通过几年的试验，养鸭、养鱼稻田的土壤性质也发生了一定的变化，土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮、有效磷等明显增加。因此，在三峡地区的旱地和稻田建立不同的复合农业生态系统既可提高作物的产量，也能获得较高的经济效益，从而增加农民的经济收入。
A field experiment was conducted to deal with the characteristics of integrated agroecosystems in Three Gorges Reservoir Area in upper region of Yangtze River. Based on ecological principle and intercropping technology, several integrated agroecosystems such as wheat - malie-sweatpotato, wheat-vegetable, citrus intercropped with wheat and different rice rotation systems weredeveloped in this region. The experimental results revealed that the output and economic benefitof wheat intercropped with vegetable were increased by 40% - 47% compared to the normalwheatrmaize-sweat potato cropping system in upland soils. The rice yield in single riceduck-fish system reached at 9 540 kg/hm2, 12. 5 % higher than rice alone system. The economic ratio of output/input was 3. 92 in rice-fish system, 3. 81 in rice-duck-fish system and 4. 72in rice-straw berry system, respectively, which was 50% higher than the rice alone system.Additionally, the harmful effects infected by injurious insects were retarded at great extent inrice-fish or rice-duck system and the harmful weed in rice field was reduced, so that the pestifcide and herbicide application could be reduced in these systems. By practising rice-duck orrice-duck-fish system for several years the soil properties were improved, especially the organicmatter and total nitrogen content, available nitrogen and phosphorous in rice field were increasedsignificantly. Therefore, to develop different lute.rcropping systems in upland and different riceoriented rotation systems in rice field can increase the crop yields and get a high economic benefit,so that the Income of local farmers can be increased at some extent.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSCD
1999年第2期205-209,共5页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
中科院"九五"重大项目!长江流域农业可持续发展途径研究KZ951-A1-202-02
国务院三峡建设委员会的资助
关键词
三峡库区
旱地
稻田
生态效益
农业生态系统
Three Gorges Reservoir Area, upland soil, rice field, economic benefit
