摘要
本文提出了任意决口断面下溃坝水激波的理论解模型。通过引入分离变量法、相似性解理论等，文中不仅解决了复杂决口断面水激波不能解析求解的难题，而且还全面地克服了激波求解数值方法中存在的间断抹平、解的非物理振动、坝址处“狗腿”及洪水前锋无穷大流速等缺陷。新模型可直接根据决口断面形状和坝上游。下游的初始水位求解溃决后的水力特性，对此文中给出了求解方法和计算实例。算例表明，本文所提出的模型及其计算方法是成功而有效的。
A theoretical mathematical model for dam -- break shock waves is developedin this paper. The new model presented in the paper can be appliced to any arbitrary breach. With the concepts of parameters' separation and similarity solution, the new model not onlycan solve the difficulty of the analytical solution to dam -- break shock waves with arbitrarybreaches, but also can overcome the shortcomings existing in the numerical methods. Thenew model shows that the solution only depends on the shape parameters of the breach, andinitial water depth on the upstream and downstream side of the dam. And then, a computational method of the new model, as well as an example, is presented. The example showsthat the model herein is successful and effective.
关键词
决口
理论解
计算方法
大坝
水激波
溃坝
arbitrary breach, water shock wave, theoretical mathematical model, computational method
