摘要
功用主义伦理学属于目的论伦理学,它盛行于18世纪末至19世纪初。但就其思想渊源而言,可上溯到古希腊时期的快乐论和幸福论。长期以来人们一般都将功用主义伦理学分为古典和现代两种理论形态,这似乎是在学界比较流行的观点。但这种观点的一个明显缺陷就是:它只承认功用主义是快乐论和幸福论的一个较为晚近的形式。如若承认功用主义是古希腊时期快乐论和幸福论的一个较为晚近的形式,那么就等于承认了功用主义伦理思想是由古希腊时期的快乐论和幸福论思想的基础上演变而来的历史事实。因此,功用主义本身无论如何改变其理论形态,都不可能完全脱离快乐论和幸福论所主张的快乐或幸福等核心概念。因此,将整个功用主义分为前功用主义、古典功用主义和现代功用主义等彼此关联的三个发展阶段是非常有必要的。
Utilitarianism ethics belongs to ends ethics and was widespread at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. Its origin could trace back to hedonism and eudaemonism in ancient Greece. For a long time, utilitarianism is generally divided into ancient and modern theories, which is very popular in the academic world. However, one obvious defect is that it only admits that utilitarianism is a later form of hedonism and eudaemonism, which is equal to acknowledging the fact that utilitarinism ethics has evolved from hedonism and eudaemonism in ancient Greece. Therefore, no matter how utilitarinism changes theoretical form, it is impossible to separate from some of the core concepts advocated by hedonism and eudaemonism. As a result, it is necessary to divide utilitarinism into three related development stages： preutilitarianism, classic utilitarianism and modern utilitarianism.
出处
《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2010年第4期66-72,共7页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
关键词
前功用主义
古典功用主义
现代功用主义
pre-utilitarianism
classic utilitarianism
modern utilitarianism
