摘要
本文通过分析在捕食的情况下猎物种群的平均绝对增长速率与捕食效应的关系以及捕食者的捕食平均绝对速率与猎物密度的关系,建立了捕食者-猎物功能响应的一般模型: 其中,A为捕食者与猎物行为常数,f(H_t)为待定函数。 在上述模型的基础上讨论了在捕食速率与猎物密度无关和有关时的功能响应行为。 通过对上面模型的分析,笔者认为功能响应模型按Holling的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型响应曲线相应划分很不方便。建议按“捕食速率与猎物密度无关或有关”两个类型划分。并认为Ⅲ型模型在昆虫中也能得到较广泛的应用。
Through anal sis of the relationships between the mean absolute rate of pre population increase and the predator, effeciency and between the mean absolute attack rate (dHa/dt) and the prey population densit (Ht), a common modle has been constituted for the functional response of predator to prey:wherein A is the behavioural constant of predator and pre ; f(Ht) is the function to be defined.( 1 )If the attack late is independent of the pre densit , then f(Ht) = constant, and thus the functional response model is where, a' is the attack rate; d is the coefficient of pre defence in societ ;and HK is the threshold of prey density.When d = 1, that is, the prey has no defence in society, thus this model will become the 'type 1' response equation: When 0<d<1, this model will describe a 't pe 2' lesponse.( 2 )If the attack rate is relevant to the prey population density, through analy -zing the limitation factors of the maximum attack rate, it is concluded that the mean absolute attack rate decreases with the prey population density increase. Thus the function f(H) can be defined as the following form:(a)defining that f(Ht) =C/Ht and substituting it into common model to givewhere a is the maximum eating number, and b is the optimum prey density for se arching by predator. This equation will describe a 'type 3' response. But when b = 1 , it really will depict the 'type 2' response.(b)defining that f(Ht) =C/1+eHt, as a result the response equation will bewhere a is the maximum eating number, and (r - 1)/e is the optimum prey density for searching b predator. When r>1, this model will describe a ''type 3' response, and when r = l, it will become Hollings disc equation.More new response models can be produced if further defining the form of the function f(Ht).Through anal zing the response models above, it has been considered that the classification of the response models according tc Hollings 't pe 1, 2 or 3' response is not so definite, and it is suggested that the functional response models could be divided into two types based on the attack rate irrelevant or relevant to the prey population densit .
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第3期266-271,共6页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
关键词
功能效应模型
捕食者-猪物
functional response, model, predator prey, mean attack absolute rate.
