摘要
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征在目前耳鼻喉疾病中发病率日益增高,它以频繁发作的气道梗阻为主要特征,常常伴随着呼吸道气道管径减小,并使呼吸道更易发生进一步的狭窄和塌陷。急性和重复性呼吸暂停的副作用包括氧饱和度降低,胸内压减低,白天嗜睡,自主功能损伤和中枢神经系统损伤。呼吸暂停-减弱及呼吸窘迫检测指标有助于量化疾病的严重程度。呼吸暂停综合症有多种临床表现,其中以白天的嗜睡为主要症状。肥胖是重要发病因素之一。目前较为工人的呼吸暂停综合征包括阻塞性,中枢性和混合型三种,其中阻塞性最为常见。本综述主要从该病的X线表现,诊断和治疗这三个方面进行回顾。
Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is an increasingly common disorder. It is characterized by frequent episodes of airway obstruction associated with a reduced caliber of the upper airway and is vulnerable to further narrowing and collapse. Acute and repetitive effects of apnea and hypopnea include oxygen desaturation, reduction in intrathoracic pressure, excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired executive function and central nervous system arousals. The apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory distress index help quantify the severity of the condition. The condition is associated with several clinical symptoms of which daytime sleepiness is considered the cardinal symptom. Obesity is one of the major predisposing factors. Three types of apneas have been recognized -obstructive, central and mixed; OSA is the commonest. This review will cover aspects of their radiologic features, diagnosis and management.
出处
《现代生物医学进展》
CAS
2010年第16期3191-3194,共4页
Progress in Modern Biomedicine
