摘要
科斯提出制度分析应该研究"实际的人"。经济学早期关于人的假设是接近"实际的人"的,但后来(尤其到新古典经济学)却越来越远离"实际的人"。经济学对人的认识经历了"实际的人"—"理性的人"—"实际的人"之循环,是一个否定之否定的过程。制度与"实际的人"有着内在的联系,或者说,实际的人与制度之间有着一种互动的内在治理机制。制度可以平衡"实际的人"的内在动机的冲突和矛盾,使人的行为更加理性,从而有利于秩序的形成。制度(尤其是非正式制度)可以塑造个人,能扩展人的有限理性;制度大大地弥补了人们知识和信息的不足,也降低了社会交往中对人们认知能力的要求。同时,个人塑造制度,人性的演变影响着制度变迁的方向,对人的假设的变化是深入分析制度的基础。
R.Coase proposed that ＂Real Man＂ should be the researching object. In economics, the early assumptions about man are closed to ＂Real Man＂. After that, the recognition on man is from ＂Real Man＂ to ＂Rational Man＂ then to ＂Real Man＂, is a kind of circulation. The system has internal connection to ＂Real Man＂, in other words, they have an internal management system that is interactive. System can balance the conflicts and contradictions among ＂Real Men＂, which can make people more rational, so as to form the order. System can expand a man＇s recognition, and help people get more information and knowledge, to study the development of human nature, is the base to analyze the system.
出处
《改革与战略》
北大核心
2010年第5期47-55,共9页
Reformation & Strategy
