桑给巴尔海峡地貌和沉积物分布
摘要
对桑给巴尔海峡的地貌研究表明研究该海峡的中部是一个深约30～40m的"中央深沟"。深沟的东侧为不规则的陡峭珊瑚台地,而西侧的地形相对平缓。地貌的特殊之处在于点礁干扰了原本光滑的地形。构造活动可部分地解释海峡东西两侧地貌的差异。通过陆伍(Ruvu)河和瓦密(Wami)河输入的陆源沉积物在更大程度上控制了海峡西部海底沉积物的分布型式。沉积物中碳酸盐含量和粒度参数分布可对此予以证明。桑给巴尔岛没有一条大的河流,这意味着海峡的东侧没有重要的运输机制能将陆源物质输入海底。海峡东侧高含量的碳酸盐(>70%)既有生物成因的也有来自珊瑚系统和更新世珊瑚礁侵蚀物的。
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