摘要
总结了新疆40年来（1958～1998）对白蛉的调查研究工作。查见白蛉共10种；大范围地调查了白蛉的地理分布及主要蛉种的分布规律；按WHO的标准，确定了流行于天山以南荒漠地带内脏利什曼病（黑热病）以及在克拉玛依呈灶性流行的皮肤利什曼病的媒介蛉种；古老绿洲地带内脏利什曼病的媒介尚待进一步确认。针对不同媒介白蛉的生态习性使用不同的防制方法，收到了成效。在讨论中，对新疆今后白蛉的研究工作提出了建议。
Servey of sandfly fauna in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomus Region was initiated in 1958～1998, acoverage of 69 counties, approximating 4/5 (69/84) of the total county number wasnoted. Of which, 49 counties were found to have sandfly distribution. The detected sandfliesbelong to 10 species under 2 genera, namely, Genus Phlebotomus (P. longiductusl P. wui,P. alexandri, P. mongolensis, P. andrejevi, P. caucasicus, and Genus Sergentomyia (S.arpaklensis, S. sumbarica, S. sinkiangensis, S. turfanensis).In different environmental conditions, the constitutions of sandfly very accordingly. Inthe mountainous zone with brown calcareous soil, P. longiductus was generally the predominant species； in stony desert places with brown desert soil adjacent to mountains， P．alexandri（69． 7％～100％） was the major species； in old oasis covered with moistened／yellow oasis soil， P． longtductus was the chief species； in desert covered with desert－forestsoil and sparsely distributed with plant of Populus diversifolia，P． wui hnd a high proper－tion（ 60． 9％～ 77． 6％）， followed by S． sinkiangensis ； in desert densely distributed withplant of Haloxy sp．（half－stuck aeolian sandy soil）， P． andrejevi amounted to 85．2％～97． 9％； in areas with vegetation of Reaumuria soongarica mixed with Tamarix sp．（graydesert soil）， P． mongolensis（ 67． 3％～ 84． 4％） was the chief species；in the solonchakdesert below sea level with sparsely grown vegetation of Alhagi sparsifolia， only S． arpak－lensis was detected．Data on altitude， temperature，annual rainfall，vegetation and soil con-stitution were collected in a subsequent study and were subjectd to‘Bayes discriminatoryanalysis’． The results demonstrates that the physical and chemical properties of soil is the es－sential factors influencing geographical distribution of P． wui， P． alexandri and P．longiductus． According to the designated standard for determination of Leishmania vectors（WHO，1990），Phlebotomus wui and P． alexandri are vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in dry desertand stony desert areas，respectively． The P． wui is also the vector of cutaneous leishmania－sis due to Leishmania infantum in Karamay． And P． mongolensis and P．andrejevi are vec－tors of L． turanica prevalent in gerbils Rhombomys opimus． Phlebotomus longiductus， an anthropophilic species， is abundent in the visceral leishma－niasis endemic area of the old oasis in south Xinjiang． Promastigotes would develop andpropagate in the stomach and moved to the pharynx and proboscis of P． longiductus after ex－perimental biting on L． donovani infected hamsters． P．longiductus has thus been defined asthe vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the old oasis in south Xinjiang． S． sinkiangensis showspreference to lizard blood． In the biotopes where lizards naturally infected with Leishmaniawere detected， natural infectious of the sandfly with promastigotes were laso observed； ex-perimental biting on Leishmania infected lizards revealed an infection rate of 16．2％， andpromastigotes proved to enter the esophagus； so S． sinkiangensis was defined as vector oflizard Leishmania． The control measures of sandfly vectors of leishmaniasis are different due to their differ－ent resting habits． Indoor residual spraying of insecticides can be used to effectively controlthe Peri—domestic species P．longiductus， while for P． alexandri and P． wui resting in thewild， reclamation and plantation of economic plants to destroy habitats of the sandflies， andto paint repellints on the skin to prevent sandfly bites may obtain satisfactory results．
出处
《地方病通报》
1998年第4期97-102,共6页
Endemic Diseases Bulletin
关键词
白蛉
新疆
Sandfly
Xinjiang,China
