摘要
密度是海冰资源的一个重要物理参数,它受许多因素的影响,有着较大的变动范围。本文以渤海沿岸连续两个年份的平整冰和堆积冰为研究对象,将海冰密度分为实密度和表观密度两种类型,并给出了相应的定义、实验和计算方法;通过一系列的实验和数据分析,得出渤海湾和辽东湾沿岸的海冰在密度分布方面具有一定的规律性。研究结果表明平整冰密度介于0.633-0.918g/cm3之间,堆积冰的密度变化范围为0.615-0.906g/cm3。在同一地点,不同年份的海冰密度大小存在差异,但是平整冰的实密度和表观密度均高于堆积冰。利用两种密度值计算得出的海冰空气孔隙率对于了解海冰性质的空间分布规律以及指导渤海海冰资源的开发利用具有积极的意义。
Density is an important physical quantity of sea ice, generally ranging from 0.72g/cm3 to 0.94g/cm3. Sea ice density is affected by many factors such as temperature and salinity of sea water, type and age of sea ice, and measurement methods. Studying sea water density would provide useful information on characteristics and movement of sea ice. In the present work, the authors performed a study on sea ice density for the Bohai Sea in China. Sea ice samples were obtained from a series of monitoring sites around the Bohai Sea in 2008 and 2009, respectively. In order to maintain their properties, all of the samples were stored in a refrigerator bellow -15℃ before experiments. Sea ice density can basically be grouped into two categories： real density and apparent density. Kerosene density is close to the sea ice density. Due to being bounded by kerosene, sea ice is hard to thaw. To this end, kerosene was used as an auxiliary solvent to measure sea ice density. The method designed and utilized in the study can be considered as a new method for sea ice density measurement. By means of kerosene, the authors successfully determined the real density and apparent density of level ices and rubble ices. Results showed that the density of level ice was between 0.633g/cm3 to 0.918 g/cm3 while the rubble ice ranged from 0.615g/cm3 to 0.906g/cm3. Sea ice densities also vary over years and sites because of a variety of complex factors affecting them. However, it was found that the spatial distribution of sea ice density around the Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay had certain similar characteristics based on a series of experimental processes and data analyses. For the same site, the density of level ice was larger than that of rubble ice, while there were no obvious differences between sea ice density of the Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay. In addition, the authors put forward a concept of ＇air porosity＇, which is calculated by real density and apparent density of sea ice. The magnitude of air porosity and density can reflect quality and quantity of Bohai sea ice to some degree, so the introduced concept and the ice density measurements would be useful for studies on spatial distribution of sea ice and benefit the utilization and development of Bohai sea ice resources in the future.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期412-416,共5页
Resources Science
基金
国家"863"计划重点项目课题(编号:2006AA100206)
国家科技支撑计划重大项目课题(编号:2006BAB03A03)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40801230
40335048)
国家高技术产业化专项:"渤海海冰淡化关键设备研制及工程试验"
关键词
渤海
海冰
实密度
表观密度
空气孔隙率
Bohai Sea Sea ice Real density Apparent density Air Porosity
