摘要
大坝一旦失事溃决,对下游造成的生命和财产损失无法估计。溃坝的模拟计算能够为预估溃坝洪水带来的影响,建立下游预警系统,提前制定应急预案提供有效的科学依据,从而能够将洪水灾害造成的影响减少到最小程度。在已有溃坝数学模型基础上建立了针对黏性土均质土坝漫顶溃决的计算模型,可对大坝溃决过程、溃坝洪水下泄过程及上游水库水位下降过程进行水力学模拟,在论述其溃坝机理后,结合现场试验实测资料验证了此模型的实用性,对于防灾减灾及大坝失事后果的评价具有重要意义。并为今后溃坝模型的发展提出了建议。
Once dam failures take place, the loss of life and property downstream can not be estimated. Dam-break simulation would provide an effective scientific basis for predicting the influence of dam breaking flood for establishing an early warning system down- stream and emergency program. In this way, we can reduce the flood calamity losses to the lowest level. This paper establishes a mathematical model concerning cohesive homogeneous earth dam break process by overtopping on the basis of the original break mod- el. It can simulate the process of dam breaks, dam-break flood and upper reservoir water level. After the mechanism of collapsed dam is discussed, the validity of this model is verified based on test data. It is of tremendous importance to disaster prevention and reduction and damage assessment after clam breaks. Finally, some suggestions concerning the development of dam break model in the future are given.
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2010年第1期76-79,共4页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目"水库大坝安全保障关键技术研究"(2006BAC14B00)
关键词
土坝
溃坝
溃口
侵蚀
非恒定水流
数值模拟
earth dam
dam break
dam breach
erosion
unsteady flow
numerical simulation
