摘要
为了探讨松嫩平原退化芦苇（Phragmites australis）湿地的生态恢复模式，2001—2008年，在吉林省西部牛心套堡退化的芦苇湿地进行了示范研究。试验苇田面积100hm2，以工程措施恢复湿地与河流的水力联系，改造苇田基底，完善灌排水系统；通过鱼虾自然增殖与人工放流、芦苇培育等生物措施，恢复苇田生物群落；采用农艺措施与水资源管理技术，恢复苇田的水文过程和生境。至2008年，苇田水环境盐度和碱度分别下降了92．21％和90．96％，平均每年下降30．55％和29．06％；苇田地表0～20cm土体脱盐率59．70％，平均每年下降14．06％；土壤有机质含量增加105．37％；芦苇产量增加697．67％。试验结果表明，采用过程导向策略，恢复与重建因水文过程功能丧失而导致退化的芦苇湿地，综合应用工程、生物、农艺及水资源优化管理等措施，可促进苇田生物与生境的恢复，再建水文、生物等重要生态过程和恢复湿地原有的生态功能，对松嫩平原退化盐碱芦苇湿地的生态恢复与重建具有参考作用。
In order to investigate the ecological restoration pattern of the wetland of extremely degraded saline - alkali reed wetland in the Songnen Plain, the demonstrated research was conducted in the Niuxintaobao wetland in the west of Jilin province. The area of the testing reed wetland was 100 hm2. The engineering measurements were used to recovery the hydraulic connection, the reed wetland was completed and the biome was recovered by natural breeding of fish and shrimp, manually water release and reed breeding. Using agricultural measurements and reasonable management technology of water resources, the hydrological process and habitat of the reed wetland were improved. By 2008, the salinity and alkalinity in the water environment of the testing reed wetland decreased 92.21% and 90.96% , respectively, and dropped by an average of 30.55% and 29.06% a year, re- spectively. The salt rejection rate of the soil in 0 - 20 cm depth decreased 59.70% , and dropped by an average of 14.06% a year, meanwhile the organic matter of reed wetland soil increased by 105.37%. The productivity of reed increased 697.67%, and increased by an average of 34.53% a year. The results of the test showed that, the measures can promote the ecological restoration of the reed wetland, that is, to recovery and rebuilt the degraded reed wetland caused by the loss of hydrological function through the process oriented recovery strategies. The engineering, biologic, agricultural and the optimized management of water resources should be integrated, which can advance the ecological restoration of reed wetland, rebuilt the important ecological process of hydrology and biology, and the original ecological function of wetland. These results are of reference value in the ecological recovery and rebuilding the degraded saline -alkali reed wetland wetland in the Songnen Plain.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2009年第4期306-313,共8页
Wetland Science
基金
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20080402-1)
吉林省农业综合开发项目(01-0222088202)资助
关键词
盐碱湿地
芦苇湿地
退化
生态恢复
saline - alkali wetland
reed wetland
degradation
ecological recovery
