摘要
采用模拟控制水盐的方法,以株高、株数、叶面积和叶绿素含量为主要指标,研究不同水位(-5cm、5cm、10cm、20cm和30cm)与不同盐度(300mg/L、1000mg/L、3000mg/L、4000mg/L和5000mg/L)的交互作用,对莫莫格湿地植物扁秆藨草(Scirpus planiculmis)幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,水位、盐度和二者的交互作用都对扁秆藨草幼苗的株高增量和叶绿素含量产生了显著影响(p<0.01),但水位和盐度的作用有差异;其中,对扁秆藨草幼苗株高增量影响最大的是水位,其他依次为水盐交互作用和盐度;对扁秆藨草幼苗叶绿素含量影响最大的是水盐交互作用,其他依次为盐度和水位。扁秆藨草幼苗株高增量和叶绿素含量分别在10cm和5cm水位下取得最大值。此外,当盐度小于1000mg/L时,幼苗株高增量和叶绿素含量受盐度影响不明显,当盐度大于1000mg/L时,幼苗株高增量和叶绿素含量显著减小。扁秆藨草的株数增量和单株叶面积受水位影响显著(p<0.01),且二者都随水位上升而减小,尤其是株数增量,-5cm水位下幼苗株数增量远大于其他水位处理。适宜扁秆藨草幼苗生长的水位为-5～10cm,盐度为<1000mg/L。
As one of the typical vegetations of Momoge National Nature Reserve, Scirpus planiculmis is also the main food of Siberian Crane （Grus leucogeranus）, which is one of the most valuable waterfowls in Momoge National Nature Reserve. However, Momoge National Nature Reserve is now facing some serious problems, such as water shortage and wetland salinization. The growth of Scirpus planiculmis becomes worse and worse, which can be a big threat for the rest of cranes. To solve the problem of water shortage and protect the habitat of Scirpus planiculmis, the protection agency of Momoge National Nature Reserve decided to feed the wetlands with water returns from the farmlands. Thus, there brings 2 new problems, firstly how to confirm the optimal output volume？ And secondly what influences will it have on local plants with the high concentrations of salt from farmland？ In order to answer the qusetions, it is primary to discover the impact of salinity and water level on Scirpus planiculmis. The paper designed a simulated experiment to discover the effects of the interaction of different water table depths （-5 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, -5 cm and 5 cm show that the water level is below and above the ground by 5 cm respectively, others take reference to the above.） and salinities （300 mg/L, 1 000 mg/L, 3 000 mg/L, 4 000 mg/L, and 5 000 mg/L） on Scirpus planiculmis seedlings. Height increment, number of newly-born plant, leaf area per plant and chlorophyll content were chosen to characterize the impact on Scirpus planiculmis seedlings. It turned out that water table depth, salinity and their interaction all had significant effects on height increment and chlorophyll content of the seedlings（p0.01）. However, as to height increment, water table depth had maximum influences on the seedlings while the chlorophyll content was mostly affect by the interaction of water table depths and salinities. Since the height increment and chlorophyll content of Scirpus planiculmis were both showing a single-peak curve with water depth increased, the peak values were obtained at 10 cm and 5 cm of water level respectively. In the mean time, the peak values were significantly higher than other water levels, which made it the most suitable water level from 5 cm to 10 cm. Besides, when the salinity was less than 1 000 mg/L, there were no significant effects on height increment and chlorophyll content, otherwise, the height increment and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced as the salinity went up. Differently from the height increment and chlorophyll content, the number of newly-born plant and individual leaf area were mainly affected by water level, and were all reduced as water depth increased. Thus, from the view of the number of newly-born plant and leaf area, the most suitable water level was -5 cm. The results showed that the optimum water conditions for Scirpus planiculmis seedlings was from -5 cm to 10 cm and the salinity should be less than 1 000 mg/L.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期173-177,共5页
Wetland Science
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(C08K3401)资助
关键词
扁秆藨草
幼苗
水位
盐度
水盐交互作用
莫莫格国家级自然保护区
Scirpus planiculmis
seedling
interaction of water depth and salinity
Momoge National Nature Reserve
