摘要
"枚/个"产生伊始都是泛指的。"枚"产生于汉初,两汉至唐占优势地位;"个"是"介"的变体,产生于先秦;"個"产生于汉代,是"个"的后起字;"箇"源于"竹枚"义;魏晋以后三者合流。"枚"扩张的动因在于汉代语言对量词的需求与量词发展滞后的矛盾,量词系统成熟后完成使命而退出舞台。唐五代量词大发展造成了记忆负担,语言明晰性和趋简性的矛盾造成了泛指量词的需要,"个"迅速发展并沿用至今。
Quantifiers ＂枚＂ and ＂个＂ were generic deriving from its origin. Quantifier ＂枚＂ came into being in the early days of Han dynasty, and dominated from Hart to Tang dynasty. ＂个＂ is the transition of the character form of ＂介＂ which originated in Pre-Qin. ＂個＂ ,another character form originating in Han dynasty, is later than ＂个＂ ; ＂箇＂ is rooted in the meaning of branches of bamboo.These three quantifiers combined together after Wei and Jin dynasty. The reason of appearance and expansion of ＂枚＂ consists in the requirement of quantifiers in Han dynasty language. It retreated from the historical stage after finishing its mission when the system of quantifier was mature in Tang dynasty. The good development of quantifiers in Tang and Five dynasties formed such a burden of people＇s memory that the contradiction between perspicuity and simpleness of language needed generic referring quantifiers. Quantifier ＂ 个 ＂ developes so fast that it is still used in modern Chinese.
出处
《古汉语研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第4期64-72,共9页
Research in Ancient Chinese Language
基金
国家社会科学基金项目<简帛量词研究>(05BYY003)成果之一
关键词
泛指量词
简帛文献
兴替
动因
generic referring quantifiers
Bamboo and Silk documents
the rising and falling
causing
