摘要
汉语量词的语法化过程涉及两个方面 :量词短语结构的变化和量词的语义演变。文章着重讨论了数量结构变化的动因。认为随着量词语法化进程 ,原有的结构逐渐不适应新的发展需要 ,是促使量词短语结构变化的主要动因。以 Heine(1991)等提出的理论框架讨论了汉语量词的语义演变 ,提出语义演化路径为 :语义迁移 >语义泛化 >语法意义。为什么汉语中要有量词这个范畴 ?功能派认为语言中同音词的不断增多触发了量词的需要。语法派认为量词表达的是数的概念 ,是个体标记 ,起个化中心名词的所指功能。文章所做的研究支持语法派 ,证实量词作为个体标记的功能是根本的 ,而其分类功能是次要的。分类功能出现较晚 ,随着汉语双音词的增多 ,这一功能正在消退。这一事实也说明量词是汉语本身固有的 。
Grammaticalization of Chinese Classifiers involves two aspects, structural code adjustment and semantic evolution of classifiers. It is argued that the disprefernece of the pattern in the front to the successive patterns constitutes the main driving force of the syntactic change of the classifier construction. Following Heine et al. (1991), we propose a cognitive analysis for the shift from lexical items to classifiers, proposing the grammaticalizing channel shown in: transferred sense>generalized sense>grammatical sense. At the end of this paper, the “why” question is explored: why should Chinese possess classifier category? The functional view holds that classifiers are triggered in response to the increase of homophonies in the language; the grammatical view maintains that classifiers are regarded as token markers which help individuate the reference of the head nouns. This study provides evidence for the grammatical view, and argues that classificatory function of classifiers is only secondary. Furthermore, this study substantiates the fact that classifier category is inherent in Chinese grammar, and runs counter to the hypothesis that classifier in the language are borrowed from other languages. \;
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第S1期8-14,共7页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
量词
语法化
隐喻
动因
classifier
grammaticalizaiton
metaphor
motivation
