摘要
在强制通风静态垛装置中研究了牛粪堆肥化中氮素形态和微生物生理群的动态变化。在堆制的56d里,根据堆温变化分阶段采集堆肥样品,测定各种氮素组分的含量和氮素微生物生理群的数量。结果表明,堆肥过程中,总氮减少了21.6%;有机氮是堆肥中的主要氮素形态,其含量降低了19.1%;氨基酸态氮和氨态氮的含量分别降低了20.9%和86.4%,在有机氮和总氮中的比例分别降低了2.2%和5.2%;氨基糖态氮和硝态氮含量分别增加了147%和79%,在有机氮和总氮中的比例分别增加了2倍和1.3倍。氨气的挥发占总损失的63%,高温期的释放量占总挥发量的69%。堆肥中氨化细菌数量较高,在高温期大幅度增加,其数量变化与堆肥中氨气和氨态氮含量都呈极显著正相关关系。在堆肥过程中,硝化细菌数量总体较小,在降温期增加幅度较大;反硝化细菌数量逐渐增加,堆制结束时达到堆肥初期的2.45倍;固氮菌数量总体增加1.8倍,其中降温期数量较多。堆肥过程中存在的反硝化作用,是氮素损失的另一个重要原因。
The loss of nitrogen is one of the major draw-backs of composting. Most of the literature is mainly concentrated on NH3 volatilization, such as ammoniacal nitrogen concentration（ NH3 and NHg in solution ）, pH, temperature, moisture content and aeration rate. Only few studies relate the nitrogen transition in compost to the microbial population and microbial diversity. Since microorganisms are responsible for chemical degradation, it is necessary to study the changes of nitrogen forms but also the microorganisms and their alteration during the biological stabilization process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transition of nitrogen and the microbial physiological groups during cow manure composting. After a short time air-drying, the cow manure was composted in aerated static pile reactors. Concentration of NH3, NH4- N, NO3-N, AS-N （amino sugar nitrogen）, AA-N （amino acid nitrogen） and Nacg and the amount of ammonifiers, nitrifiers, denitrifiers and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were determined, respectively. After mixing thoroughly, samples were taken after 0,1,3 ,6,9,13,16,19,22,25,28, 31,35,45,56 d according the changes of temperature in the compost. At day 56 total nitrogen（Ntct） was reduced by 22%. Organic nitrogen （Norg） was the main form of nitrogen with a reduction of 19%. Amino acid nitrogen and NH4-N was reduced by 21% and 86% respectively. Amino sugar nitrogen and NO3-N increased by 147% and 79%, respectively. Ammonia volatilization contributed to 63% of total nitrogen loss, and contributes to 69% of total volatilization in the thermophilic period. The number of ammonifiers increased significantly in the ther- mophilic period. We could find a significant positive correlation between ammonifiers and NH4-N and NH3. The amount of nitrifiers increased significantly in the cooling stage of composting. The abundance of denitrifiers increased gradually and was 2.45 times higher after day 56 compared to the initial stage. The number of Azotobacter increased 1.8 times during composting, and increased in the cooling stage. Denitri-fication was another important nitrogen loss.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第12期2674-2679,共6页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
西北农林科技大学青年专项基金(06ZR047)
08校内博士科研启动费(01140508)
农业部黄土高原农业资源与环境修复重点开放实验室
关键词
牛粪
高温堆肥
氮素形态
氮素微生物生理群
耦合关系
Cow manure
Composting
Nitrogen forms, Diversity of microbial physiological group
