摘要
目的探讨人体皮肤毛细血管分布特点。方法采用碱性磷酸酶组织化学结合体视学方法对6例童尸全身5个区域(20个部位)的120块皮肤组织毛细血管长度密度(Lv)进行了测量。结果不同区域皮肤毛细血管Lv不同,差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01);除掌跖区外,头面颈区皮肤各层毛细血管Lv显著高于身体其他部位(P<0.01),下肢区皮肤毛细血管Lv最低;真皮乳头层毛细血管Lv显著高于真皮网状层(P<0.001)。结论三维定量证实的皮肤毛细血管密度区域性、层次性差异更准确地反映了头面颈区血供丰富的特点,为该区设计长宽比值较大的任意型皮瓣提供了理论依据。
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the capillary distribution characteristics of the human skin. Method The alkaline phosphatase enzyme histochemical and stereo- logical methods were used to measure the length density (Lv) of capillaries of normal skin. One hundred and twenty specimens were taken from 20 different sites in 6 children cadavers. Result The results showed : ①The capillary Lv of the human skin varied with the body region. Statistically significantly (P <0. 01) greater capillary Lv was found in the head-face/neck region both in the papillary and reticular dermis than in the other parts of the body (excluding palm and sole). The smallest dermal capillary Lv was noted in the lower limb. ②Statistically significantly (P<0. 001) higher capillary Lv was found in the papillary dermis than in the reticular dermis. Conclusion The study confirms the regional and lami- nal differences in capillary density of the normal human skin, and it demonstrates more accurately rich blood supply in the head-face/neck region, which supports the hypothesis that longer random-pattern skin flaps can be safely raised in the head-face/neck than in other parts of the body.
