摘要
以往关于"不"的研究很多,却很难统一解释各种语料。本文运用FEO规则和辖域原则对原则上自由的嫁接成分——否定副词"不"与其邻接词,如实义动词、情态动词和副词,尤其是全称副词"都"的相互作用做出分析,以此为基础,分析"不"的语义要求和句法位置,并将否定分为FEO成分否定和非FEO成分否定(即句子否定与成分否定);本文认为个例"不都"和"都不"结构相异,两者中的"不"嫁接于不同成分:前者为副词短语"都",后者为含有FEO成分的句法投射;前者为成分否定,后者为句子否定,后者蕴涵前者。统一于嫁接成分分析的成分否定与句子否定体现了句法和语义在否定上的对应性,能弥补以往分析的局限性,并对各种否定现象做出有效解释。
Though there is a vast literature about the Mandarin word BU, little can be found to give a unified explanation to various data. Applying lEO Calculus （Fact-Event Object Calculus） and the Scope Principle, this paper analyzes the semantic requirements and syntactic positions of the negative word BU. The analysis is based on the interaction between the negative adverb BU, which is syntactically free in principle, and its adjacent words such as a lexical verb, a modal verb or an adverb -with special attention given to the interaction between the negative adverb BU and the universal adverb DOU. Then we classify negation into FEO negation and non-FEO negation（ also named as sentential negation and constituent negation）. In the case study of BU DOU and DOU BU, the two are found to be of different structures with the fact that the two BUs are adjoined to different constituents ： the first one is adjoined to the adverb phrase DOU, while the second to a constituent containing an FEO; and thus the former forms constituent negation, whereas the latter sentential negation, with the latter entailing the former. Constituent negation and sentential negation that are united by adjunct analysis show the correspondence between syntactic negation and semantic negation, and can make up for the limitations in the previous study and render an effective account for multiple kinds of negation phenomena about BU.
出处
《外国语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第5期11-19,共9页
Journal of Foreign Languages
基金
湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目<任选义词语句法及语义研究>(项目编号08YBB305
主持人:余小强)系列成果之一
关键词
FEO规则
辖域原则
嫁接成分
成分否定
句子否定
FEO Calculus
Scope Principle
adjuncts
constituent negation
sentential negation
