摘要
作者自1982年开始研究了乐果、氧化乐果、抗蚜威、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯等6种杀虫剂对8种蚜虫的选择毒性。以桃粉大尾蚜Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard为标准,氧化乐果对桃粉大尾蚜和瓜蚜Aphis gossypii Glover之间的选择毒性指数最高为163.77,乐果和抗蚜威分别是373.24和34.70,而氰戊菊酯仅为1.37。氰戊菊酯最高的选择毒性指数是在桃粉大尾蚜和麦长管蚜Sitobionavenae(F.)之间,也只有6.86,有机磷和氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂对不同蚜虫的选择毒性与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)对巯基试剂(DTNB)的敏感度有明显的相关性,说明其选择毒性与AChE的巯基结合部位有关。同时还发现,抗蚜威对洋槐蚜Aphis robiniae Macchiati和瓜蚜AChE的1_(50)值与其LC_(50)值表现一致。这些都说明了这两类杀虫剂对不同种蚜虫的选择毒性与AChE有关。氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯对蚜虫的选择毒性与α-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶的活性具有明显的相关性,而与β-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶的活性则无任何关系。氯氰菊酯的选择毒性与上述两种酯酶的活性没有任何相关性。
The selective toxicity (ST) of six insecticides including dimethoate, omethoate, pirimicarb,. fenvalerate, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin to eight species of aphids including Hyalopzerus am-ygdali, Aphis robiniae, Cryptomyzus taoi, Sitob on avenue, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Lipa~ phis erysimi and an unidentified species was investigated from 1982 to 1987. The selective toxicity ratio (STR) of organophosphorus (op) and carbamate insecticides in the aphids was determined; and the maximum STRs were 164 for omethoate, 35 for pirimicarb and 373 for dimethoate between Hyalopterus amygdali and Aphis gossypii, whereas the STR of the pyrethroid' fenvalerate, was only 7-fold. The ST of op and carbamate insecticides was significantly correlated with the sensitivity of the target enzyme (AChE) to the sulfhydryl reagent (DTNB). It appeared that the ST was probably related to the sulfhydryl binding site of AChE. We also-found that the l30 values of pirmicarb to the AChE of Aphis robiniae and A. gossypii were correlated with LC50 values to these two aphids. All these results showed that the ST of OP and carbamate insecticides to apnids was related to the sensibility of AChEs of aphids to the insecticides. The ST of fenvalerate and deltamethrin to aphids was correlated with 1-naphthyt acetate esterase (1-NAE) activity, but not with 2-naphthyl acetate esterase (2-NAE). On the other hand, the ST of cypermethrin did not show any correlation with 1-NAE or 2-NAE activity-
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第3期274-279,共6页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
关键词
蚜虫
杀虫剂
选择毒性
selective toxicity--insect icide--aphid--AChE--carboxylesterase
