摘要
目的:检测太极拳蹬腿动作支撑腿和动作腿的协调活动,揭示中枢双重命令下的下肢运动控制的特征。方法:太极拳运动员和初学者各10人,分两组。记录太极蹬腿动作时下肢肌肌电图、双下肢关节的角运动、足底中心压力的移位。每次试验8s完成,重复5次。统计处理后,做肌电、运动和平衡分析。结果:两组间支撑腿的EMG、关节活动和COP位移出现了在形态上和幅度上的差别,但是在动作腿多表现在幅度上的差别。运动员支撑腿的平均EMG都高于初学者,只有股直肌有显著差异;运动员膝和髋关节的平均最大运动角度小于初学者,踝关节的平均最大运动角度稍稍比初学者大,只有髋关节的平均最大运动角度较为显著。运动员动作腿的平均EMG只有股直肌和胫骨前肌显著地高于初学者,而臀中肌显著地低于初学者;所有关节的平均最大运动角度都是运动员的显著大于初学者。平均足底中心压力的侧方和前后方位移都是运动员的显著大于初学者。运动员动作腿的起始运动约250～350ms,滞后于支撑腿起始运动的延迟时间。结论:运动员和初学者都可以用踝—髋策略来调节单腿直立的姿势平衡,但是运动员能够启动一个根据任务需要的前馈控制技术,通过下肢肌的积极活动,预先形成一个对抗蹬腿反作用力干扰的姿势稳定。因此,训练太极拳可以获得这个前馈控制技术。持续降低重心时,初学者的蹬腿和支撑两任务间出现了相互冲突。
Objective：To detect the coordination activities and movements of both kicking leg and supporting leg of Taijiquan. Method： 20 people were divided into two groups, 10 for Taijiquan athletes and 10 for beginners. EMG and joint motions of lower extremities and COP were re- corded during heel kick of Taijiquan. 8 seconds covered per trial and 5 times was repeated. An- alyses of all data and statistics were made. Result： The EMG activities, joint movements and COP displacements in support leg between two groups displayed obvious differences in both shapes and amplitudes, but the differences in kick leg between two groups appeared only in their amplitudes. In support leg, the averaged EMG activities of athletes had greater tendency than that of beginners, but only the activity of rectus femur had a significant difference ; and the averaged movement levels of joints were less in knee and hip, and slightly greater in ankle in athletes than in beginners. In kick leg, the averaged EMG activities of rectus femur and tibialis anterior were significantly greater in athletes than in beginners, but that of gluteus medium of athletes was significantly less than that of beginners;and the averaged movement levels of all joints were greater in athletes than in beginners. The displacements of both lateral and antero- posterior COP were significantly greater in athletes than in beginners. The initiative action of kick leg of athletes had about 250~350 ms delay behind the initiative action of support leg. Conclusion：Both athletes and beginners can use ankle and hip strategies, to adjust the postural balance of upright body with a single leg. The trained athletes can use a technique of the feed forward control to make the postural stability through the active muscle activities of support leg in accordance with the task requirement;therefore, training the kick action of Taijiquan can gain a feed forward control for the posture stability. Two tasks in beginners have an interaction confliction due to a lower COG.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第7期55-60,64,共7页
China Sport Science
基金
上海市重点学科建设项目资助(S30802)
上海市教委项目理科资助(06IZ005)
关键词
太极拳
蹬腿
平衡稳定
运动控制
干扰
EMG
下肢关节运动
COP
heel kick of Taijiquan
balance stability
motor control
perturbation
EMG
jointmovement of lower limbs
COP
