摘要
本文对稻属ＯｒｙｚａＬ．２３种植物叶片表皮的结构特征进行了观察和研究，结果表明：叶表皮的某些性状，如在叶片脉带之间长细胞中乳突的大小和分布以及叶表皮气孔器上小乳突的数目和着生位置在稻属的各种之间有着一定的变异规律，这在稻属各种的分类和其系统关系的研究中有一定的价值。综合这些性状的变异特征，按照叶片下表皮脉间长细胞中乳突的大小和分布特征以及气孔器中小乳突的数目和着生位置可将稻属这２３个物种分为３组。第一组包括长颖野稻、马来野稻、疣粒野稻和颗粒野稻，这些种的叶表皮脉间长细胞中没有大乳突和中乳突，仅偶见极稀疏分布的小乳突，气孔器中均无小乳突。第二组包括短药野稻、二倍体和四倍体药用野稻、小粒野稻、紧穗野稻、斑点野稻、阔叶野稻、高株野稻、大颖野稻、根茎野稻和澳洲野稻，这些种的叶表皮脉间长细胞中通常没有大、中乳突，但密布小乳突，且大多数种的气孔器保卫细胞的近两端各有２个小乳突。第三组包括栽培稻、一年生普通野稻、多年生普通野稻、长雄蕊野稻、展颖野稻、南方野稻、矮舌野稻、非洲栽培稻和希来特野稻，这些种的叶表皮脉间的长细胞中常有大乳突、中乳突和小乳突，而气孔器保卫细胞的近两端各有２个明显的小乳突，并同时常在气孔器副卫细胞的近?
The rice genus (Oryza L.) belongs to the grass family(Poaceae) and contains 24 annual or perennial species, including two cultivated rice species, i.e., the Asian rice (O. sativa L.) and African rice (O. glaberrima Steud.), and 22 wild species distributed throughout the tropics of the world. Species in this genus have been extensively studied by scientists with different approaches, including morphological characterization and cytological and molecular investigations. The leaf epidermis is an important morphological character which has been studied for taxonomic identification and studies on systematic relationships of species, particularly in grasses. In this study, morphological features of the leaf epidermis of 23 rice species were observed through light microscopy. The results showed that some characters of the rice leaf epidermis had significant diversity between species and these characters were valuable for the identifying Oryza species, and for assessing systematic relationships in the genus. For example, O. schlechteri, O. ridleyi, O. longiglumis, O. granulata, and O. meyeriana had elliptic stomatal complexes, whereas the other species had rhombic stomatal complexes. In most cases, papillae on the surface of the epidermis were variable in size and distribution between species. The size of papillae varied from small (1.5～4.4 μm in diameter), medium sized (9～18 μm), to large (21～ 30 μm) , and the pattern of papillary size and distribution were very useful for identification of rice species. In addition, the number and location of the small papillae in stomatal complexes were particularly different between species. Based on the following combinations of leaf epidermic characters, i.e., the size and distribution of papillae on the abaxial surface of the epidermis, the number and location of the small papillae in stomatal complexes, and the shape of stomatal complexes, the 23 studied Oryza species could be divided into three major groups. The first group comprises O. longiglumis, O. ridleyi, O. meyeriana, and O. granulata. In these species, neither large nor medium sized papillae, in some cases extremely rare small papillae, were found on the surfaces of epidermis, and there were no small papillae found in stomatal complexes. All species in the first group had elliptic stomatal complexes. The second group consists of O. brachyantha, diploid and tetraploid O. officinalis, O. minuta, O. eichingeri, O. punctata,O. latifolia, O. alta, O. grandiglumis, O. rhizomatis, and O. australiensis. In these species usually no large papillae were observed, but medium sized and densely populated small papillae were found to cover the surface of epidermis, and at least four small papillae were found in stomatal complexes (in guard cells) of most species. The third group contains O. sativa, O. nivara, O. rufipogon, O. longistaminata, O. glumaepatula, O. meridionalis, O. barthii, O. glaberrima and O. schlechteri. The abaxial leaf epidermis of these species was usually covered with large papillae, medium sized, and small papillae. In addition, more than 4(usually 6～8) small papillae were found in guard cells or/and subsidiary cells of the stomatal complexes. Most species in the second and third groups had rhombic stomatal complexes. These results agree mostly with previous reports on the biosystematic studies of rice species by applying other methodologies.
出处
《植物分类学报》
CSCD
1998年第1期8-18,共11页
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica
基金
国家教委"留学回国人员科研资助费"
中国科学院九五重大项目
关键词
稻属
叶表皮
结构
系统学
Oryzeae
Oryza
Morphological variation
Leaf epidermis
Systematic significance
