摘要
用盆栽‘蛇龙珠’葡萄进行的试验表明，不同时期中等程度的分期干旱胁迫均诱导了果实的渗透调节。黎明时果实最高水势状况下，溶质势下降值在０．６ＭＰａ左右，压力势上升值为０．１～０．２ＭＰａ；在同样的含水量下，与对照相比，干旱胁迫后具渗透调节能力的果实具有更低的水势、更低的溶质势和更高的压力势。果实发育第Ⅰ期干旱胁迫在诱导了果实渗透调节的同时也诱导了细胞壁刚性的大幅度升高；复水后渗透调节能力和细胞壁刚性下降，生长速率仍然较低。第Ⅱ期胁迫没有显著改变此期果实压力势不高、细胞壁刚性较大的生理状况；而在第Ⅲ期复水后，细胞壁刚性下降，细胞扩张能力增大。第Ⅲ期干旱胁迫在更高的程度上维持了细胞的压力势。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ期和Ⅱ、Ⅲ期持续干旱胁迫使果实渗透调节能力下降乃至丧失，压力势下降，细胞壁刚性则大幅度升高。据以上结果讨论了葡萄果实不同生长期对干旱的敏感性变化的机制。
The experiment conducted with potted grapevines ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Geniechet) showed that moderate water stress applied respectively during the berry developmental phases Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ induced berry osmoregulation: at maximum water potential of berry at dawn, the values of solute potential decrease were about 0.6Mpa and that of pressure potential increase were about 0.1～0.2MPa. At a given water content the stressed berries possessed a lower water potential, a lower solute potential and a higher pressure potential in comparison with the well-watered berries. Water stress applied during berry developmental phase Ⅰ induced both the berry osmoregulation and a considerable increase of cell wall rigidity; the capacity of osmoregulation decreased and cell wall became more flexible after rewatering but the berry growth rate remained lower at this time. The physiological circumstances of lower pressure potential and higher rigidity of cell wall under full water supply during berry developmental phase Ⅱ were not greatly modified by water stress applied during this period; but after rewatering during phase Ⅲ the cell wall rigidity decreased and the cell expansibility increased. Water stress during berry developmental phase Ⅲ increased the pressure potential at basis of very high level of pressure potential of the well-watered berries. Water stress throughout berry developmental phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ or Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased or even eliminated berry osmoregulation, under which the cell pressure potential decreased and the cell wall rigidity increased greatly. The mechanisms of changes in sensibility of berry growth to water stress applied during the different developmental phases were discussed.
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第2期123-128,共6页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
葡萄
果实
干旱胁迫
渗透调节
敏感性
Grapevine
Fruit
Water stress
Osmoregulation
Bulk elastic modulus of cell wall
