摘要
水产养殖业是动物性食物生产增长速度最快的领域,采用现代生物技术以满足人们对水产养殖产品的数量和质量增长的需求日益迫切。在水产养殖动物中已经发展了显微注射、电穿孔、基因枪轰击、精子介导、直接混合、脂质体介导、电穿孔精子载体、生殖腺直接注射等转基因方法,各种方法各有优缺点,针对不同的动物和不同的目的可以选择其中一种方法或几种方法结合使用。鱼类的转基因技术和应用发展较为成熟,但在虾类和贝类中还不稳定,目前主要集中在发展有效的转基因技术上;影响转基因技术在水产动物中的因素除技术的稳定性和基因的整合率外,转基因动物的生态和遗传风险也需要高度关注。
As aquaculture production grows fastest in animal food, it becomes an increasingly urgent need to apply modem biotechnologies to meet people＇s rising needs for aquaculture products in both quantity and quality. Many transgenic methods are developed in aquaculture, such as microinjection, electroporation, gene gun bombardment, sperm-mediated, direct mixing, liposomes-mediated, electroporation sperm carrier and gonad direct injection. One special method or combination of several methods can be used for each species or based on different purposes for the fact that each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Transgenic technology and application are quite effective in fish, but less stable in shrimp and mollusc, in which the current focus is still on the devel- opment of effective transgenic method. In addition to the technical stability and gene integration rate, the ecological and genetic risks also require attention in transgenic aquaculture animals.
出处
《基因组学与应用生物学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期398-404,共7页
Genomics and Applied Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金(30640440657)
国家863计划(2006AA10A409)资助
关键词
转基因技术
转基因水产动物
水产养殖
Transgenic technology, Transgenic aquatic animal, Aquaculture
