摘要
宋代文章总集具体而准确地反映出宋人的文体观念以及相关的文学观念。从新、旧文体的衍生、变迁来看,唐宋新文体的出现、定名、传播和接受,正是通过宋代文章总集的编录得以集中体现。一些文体的边缘化、演变、增殖以及文体内涵的变化,也在文章总集的编纂中反映出来。从"古文"观念来看,宋代文章总集编纂体现了宋人以散体文为主,但不特别排斥骈体文与辞赋的"古文"观念。面对秦汉古文与唐宋古文两种传统,宋人特别推崇唐宋尤其是宋代古文,这反映出他们对当代文学强烈的自信心以及对文章实用性的追求。而将子部和史部加以分体并纳入文章总集的做法,既具有对文章文体重新分类的意义,同时也扩展了文体学与文学经典的范围。从编纂体例来看,宋人文章总集大致有以体叙次、以人叙次、以类叙次和以技叙次几种类型,以体叙次采用《文选》模式而有所突破,以类叙次采用功能归类法,皆体现出宋人实用的文体观念。
The Song literary anthology is a specific and precise expression of Song concepts of writing styles and literature. From the point of view of the derivation and evolution of old and new writing styles, the emergence, naming, dissemination and acceptance of different writing styles in the Tang and Song dynasties finds a concentrated reflection in the compilation of Song literary anthologies, a phenomenon that also shows the marginalization, evolution, development and changing connotations of some styles. From the point of view of 'classical literature,' the compilation of Song literary anthologies shows the Song focus on the direct prose style, though parallel prose and descriptive poetic prose are not completely excluded. Faced with the two traditions of classical literature-that of the Qin and Han on the one hand and the Tang and Song on the other-the Song accorded great importance to the latter, and especially to writings of their own era, showing their confidence in contemporary literature and the value they placed on practical writing. The practice of separating out non-Confucian philosophy (子部) and history, including geography (史部), and incorporating both into literary anthologies shows a significant reclassification of writing styles; it also widens the sphere of stylistics and literary classics. In terms of rules of compilation, Song literary anthologies were generally compiled in order of writing styles, writers, types, and skills. Those ordered by writing style follow but develop the pattern of Crown Prince Zhaoming's Analecta; those ordered by type are based on different functions of writings. Both reflect Song ideas of practicality in written style.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第2期190-203,共14页
Social Sciences in China
基金
教育部2006年“长江学者”特聘教授资助项目
