摘要
１）揭示了铁线莲属以下演化趋势：萼片由开展到直立；雄蕊由无毛到有毛；雄蕊花丝由条形演化到披针状条形或倒披针状条形；花药由长圆形演化到条形或狭条形；药隔不突出到在顶端突出；在雄蕊被毛时，毛由少而短到多而长；此外花序由具花序梗和苞片到花序梗和苞片消失，以及由自当年生枝叶腋生出转变到自老枝腋芽中生出。主要根据上述演化趋势，本文将我国铁线莲属各组及组下分类群做出新的排列。（２）描述了６新亚组，６新系，２新种，４新变种，给出了５新组合，４新等级和２新名。
In the overwhelming majority of genera of the family Ranunculaceae, including its primitive genera, Caltha, Calathodes, and Trollius and the primitive genus of trib. Anemoneae, Anemone, the sepals are spreading and the stamens are glabrous.So, the ascending or upright sepals and hairy stamens of the sections Meclatis, Tubulosa, Viorna, and Atragene of the genus Clematis are secondary, and are accordingly considered as advanced characters, and those sections and the genus Archiclematis, closely related to Sect.Viorna Subsect.Connatae, more or less advanced groups. (2) In the sections Cheiropsis, Fruticella, and Viticella, which have glabrous stamens, some species have spreading sepals, and the others have ascending or upright sepals. In Sect.Clematis, all the species have spreading sepals and glabrous stamens, except for Clematis pinnata,which has ascending sepals and usually hairy stamen filaments. In Sect. Lasiantha with 2 species restricted to western U.S.A., C. lasiantha has glabrous stamens, while C.pauciflora has stamens hairy on filaments. In Sect. Naraveliopsis with spreading sepals, the majority of species have glabrous stamens, but one species,C. liboensis, endemic to Guizhou Province, China, has hairy stamens. These facts just mentioned indicate that the evolution of sepals and stamens took place in several lineages independently in Clematis. (3) In Clematis, glabrous stamens of C.apiifolia, C.grata,and C.montana with linear filaments and oblong anthers, are similar to those of Caltha, Calathodes, Trollius, and Anemone. Thus, the linear filaments and oblong anthers are considered primitive characters in Clematis. On the other hand, lanceolate linear filaments of C.tangutica and C.aethusifolia or oblanceolate linear filaments of C.courtoisii and C.loureiriana and linear anthers of C.meyeniana and C.uncinata,and narrow linear anthers of C.courtoisii and C.lanuginosa are considered advanced ones. In case of stamens with hairs, stamens of C.henryi with densely villous filaments and those of C.kweichowensis with both filaments and anthers densely pubescent show more advanced condition than those of C.pinnata, C.heracleifolia, and C.tangutica,with sparsely puberulous filaments and glabrous anthers(Fig.1).(4)The pedunculate,2 bracteate dichasial cyme with several flowers may represent the primitive type of inflorescences in Clematis. Many flowered panicle like cymes as in C.gouriana and C.tsaii,or few 1 flowered cymes as in C.henryi and C.repens, and cymes lacking peduncles and bracts as in C.montana and C.pogonandra are all considered advanced.Besides,the fact that flowers arise from axillary buds of old branches shows also an advanced condition.(5)Sect. Clematis subsect.Pinnatae,with leaflets,inflorescence ramification,and stamens similar to those of C.heracleifolia,is considered intermediate between Sect. Clematis and Sect. Tubulosa. (6) Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae are so closely related to each other respectively that it is difficult to ascertain the systematic position of some intermediate species between the two subsections of each pair in the absence of seedlings. So, in the present paper, following the classification of Clematis proposed by Tamura in 1967, I put Subsect.Clematis and Subsect.Rectae in Sect.Clematis, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae in Sect.Viorna.(7)According to the evolutionary tendencies mentioned above, a realignment of the sections and the infrasectional taxa of the Chinese Clematis is made.(8) Six subsections, 6 serise, 2 species, and 4 varieties are described as new, and 5 new combinations, 4 new ranks, and 2 new names are given. (9)The specific rank of C.tenuipes W.T.Wang, reduced to varietal renk in 1980, is restord. C.taiwaniana Hayata, reduced to synonomy of C.grata Wall. in 1991,is considered distinct from the latter in hairy adaxial surface of sepal and narrower achene with tapering apex. C.kerriana Drumm.& Craib and C.laxipaniculata Pei are proved to be conspecific to C.subumbellata Kurz and reduced to syno
出处
《植物分类学报》
CSCD
1998年第2期150-172,共23页
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
铁线莲属
演化趋势
分类
中国
毛茛科
Clematis
Evolutionary tendencies
Classification
China
