2Lerner A,Stein H.Hybrid thin wire external fixation:an effective,minimally invasive,modular surgical tool for the stabilization of periarticular fractures.Orthopedics,2004,27:59-62.
3Ruedi T,Allgower M.The operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the lower end of the tibia.Clin Orthop Relat Res,1979,(138):105-110.
4Tornetta P 3rd,Weiner L,Bergman M,et al.Pilon fractures:treatment with combined internal and external fixation.J Orthop Trauma,1993,7:489-496.
5Gustilo RB,Mendoza RM,Williams DN.Problems in the management of type Ⅲ (severe) open fractures:a new classification of type Ⅲ open fractures.J Trauma,1984,24:742-746.
6Bourne RB.Pilon fractures of the distal tibia.Clin Orthop Relat Res,1989,(240):42-46.
7Teeny SM,Wiss DA.Open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plafond fractures.Variables contributing to poor results and complications.Clin Orthop Relat Res,1993,(292):108-117.
8Patterson MJ,Cole JD.Two-staged delayed open reduction and internal fixation of severe pilon fractures.J Orthop Trauma,1999,13:85-91.
9Bone L,Stegemann P,McNamara K,et al.External fixation of severely comminuted and open tibial pilon fractures.Clin Orthop Relat Res,1993,(292):101-107
10Anglen JO,Aleto T.Temporary transarticular external fixation of the knee and ankle.J Orthop Trauma,1998,12:431-434.
