摘要
目的掌握2005年全国燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）防治措施落实进度、防治效果及病情变化动态，为制订燃煤污染型地氟病防治策略提供科学依据。方法按全国地氟病监测方案规定的方法和要求进行监测。监测范围覆盖全国8个燃煤污染型地氟病病区省份的8个病区县、13个病区村。调查监测县降氟改炉改灶措施落实进度、降氟炉灶使用情况；采集监测点居民户主要食物，酸浸-电极法测定含氟量；采集8～12周岁儿童尿样，离子选择电极法测定含氟量；以Dean法诊断8．12周岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果①2005年全国监测县新改降氟炉灶158356个．占应改炉灶的18．95％，累计改炉改灶率达43．32％（362088／835869），降氟炉灶合格率为92．54％（1688／1824）；②监测点玉米、辣椒含氟量普遍超过国家标准（≤1．5mg／kg），玉米最高含氟量均值超过国家标准14倍，辣椒最高含氟量均值超过国家标准94倍；③儿童氟斑牙检出率≤30％的监测点有3个，〉30％～60％的有4个。〉60％．80％的有1个，〉80％的有5个：儿童尿氟几何均数≤1．4mg／L的监测点有7个，〉1．4mg／L的有6个。结论2005年全国燃煤污染型地氟病监测县防治措施落实进度有较大增长，但部分病区监测点玉米、辣椒氟污染依然严重，部分病区氟中毒病情仍未得到有效控制。
Objective To know the fulfillment and effects of control measures and dynamic prevalence of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in China in 2005, to provide basis and technique support for endemic fluorosis control in China. Methods The survey was carried out according to The National Survey Scheme of Endemic Fluorosis, covering 13 villages, 8 counties of 8 provinces having coal-burning endemic fluorosis. Fluoride content in main food and urine was determined with iron selective electrode method, and dental fluorosis of 8 - 12 years old children was diagnosed with Dean method. Results （1）A total of 158 356 new stoves were installed in 2005, and the rate of improved stoves increased by 18.95%, reaching 43.3% （362 088/835 869）. The general rate of qualified stoves was 92.54% （1688/1824）.（2）Fluoride content in corns and chilli exceeded the state standard generally, and the highest （mean） in corns exceeded the state standard nearly by 14 times, while the highest（mean）in chilli exceeded the standard by 94 times. （3）Detectable rate of dental fluorosis in children was below or equal 30% in 3 surveillance spots, more than 30% and less than 60% in 4 surveillance spots, more than 60% and less than 80% in a surveillance spots, and more than 80% in 5 surveillance spots. Urine fluoride content（geometric mean） were below or equal 1.4 mg/L in 7 surveillance spots,and more than 1.4 mg/L in 6 surveillance spots. Conclusions Progress of control measures in coal- burning counties surveyed was made greatly in 2005, but corns and chilli in some survey spots were still polluted by fluoride seriously. Prevalence of endemic fluorosis in some coal-burning areas is not controlled effectively.
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第5期518-520,共3页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
基金
中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2005）.志谢 感谢全国地氟病重点监测省份的所有参加监测工作的同仁及技术人员
关键词
地方病
氟化物中毒
煤
监测
Endemic disease
Fluoride poisoning
Coal
Surveillance
