摘要
通过连续4 a多的研究,科学地证明了位于江苏昆山绰墩遗址的稻田群是迄今发现的地球上最早的灌溉稻田群(6 280 a BP),提出了一套诊断古水稻田和古水稻土的技术指标;获得了新石器时期"火耕水溽"——原始灌溉稻作技术的科学证据。阐明了史前水稻土和现代水稻土表层有机质、全氮和全钾含量接近,而全磷、有效磷则是前者大大高于后者的事实,是先民长期以动物残余物肥田的结果。古、今水稻土有机质含量均高于同时期旱地土,揭示了稻田生态系统和水稻土固持大气二氧化碳的巨大潜力。新石器时期水稻土也含有较高的多环芳烃(PAHs)等有机污染物,是源于田间秸秆的焚烧。微生物学的研究表明,史前水稻土产甲烷潜势很低,硝化功能完全丢失。提出了今后应进一步研究的问题。
Rice cultivation in China can be dated back 7 000 years ago, it produces about 40% rice grain and occupies 23% of paddy soils worldwide respectively. Rice is one of the staple foods for Chinese. Comparison study on soil quality of prehistoric, ancient and present paddy soils, to reveal the origin, evolution of irrigated paddy fields and paddy soils in biogeochemistry process as well as the mechanisms of sustainability of irrigated rice paddy ecosystem is very impor- tant in theory for soil sciences and to promotion food security of our world, this should he one of the priority area for Chinese soil scientists may make great contribution to it. The Neolithic paddy fields discovered in Chuodun Relic Site has been proved as the earliest （6280 a BP）irrigated paddy field in earth. An integrated set of diagnosis stands for prehistoric irrigated paddy fields and soils has been established. It has fund the scientific proves for “ploughing with fire and weeding with flooded water”-an early paddy field management technology at Neolithic age in China. It is similar in SOM ,TN and TK but much higher TP and AP in surface layer of prehistoric paddy soil than present paddy soils, indicated that long term use of animal residues as native fertilizer in rice cultivation since Neolithic Age. And higher SOM in all of prehistoric and present paddy soils than in upland soils of same age and native wetland, revealed the great potential of carbon sequestration in paddy soil ecosystem. Certain level of organic pollutants such as PAHs was fund in prehistoric paddy soil and was much higher than in prehistoric upland soil nearby and proved that it was originated from the burning of rice straw in field after rice harvest. Soil microbiological study results showed that methane production potentials were minimum in prehistoric paddy soils and it had no nitrification function at all which resulted the big changes of biodiversity in microbe community and functions between prehistoric and present paddy soils. Further study in this area are discussed as well.
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第5期784-791,共8页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(40335047)资助
关键词
灌溉稻田起源
原始水稻土管理
古水稻土的特征
稻田固碳潜力
Origin of irrigated paddy fields
Early paddy soil management
Characteristics of prehistoric paddy soils
C sequestration potentials of paddy soil
