摘要
定性解析金属元素的社会流动过程,是定量化开展其物质流分析和资源流研究的前提。铝是世界上生产量与消费量最大的有色金属,同时也是具有良好再生性能的金属。在大量文献调研和专家访谈的基础上,本文基于金属元素物质流分析的一般性框架,详细解析了铝在国家尺度上的社会流动过程,将其概括为3个"四":四阶段、四种库和四种流。四阶段包括:生产阶段、加工与制造阶段、使用阶段、报废与再生阶段。四种库包括:矿产资源库、第一和第二阶段产品的暂时性库存、使用阶段的社会累积库、各种含铝废弃物的堆存库(包括弃矿、尾矿、选冶废渣堆存场和垃圾填埋场等)。四种流即正向流、逆向流、废物流、进出口流。以四阶段为依托,重点刻画了四种流的具体过程,为进行定量化的铝物质流分析及相应的能量流、价值流和环境影响分析提供了基础。
Research on substance flow analysis has been developed for more than two decades in the West, with many case studies, especially for metals. In China, this type of research is just now becoming an important scientific field, similar to research on resource flows. With its various different means of utilization, aluminum has the highest levels of production and consumption of any nonferrous metal. Due to the rapid development of the aluminum industry, bauxite supply and the environmental burdens of aluminum production have become very serious problems in China's Mainland. Using substance flow analysis to quantitatively trace the life cycle of aluminum in China is useful for developing a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the production, consumption, recovery, import/export, and loss of aluminum, which can then be used to design policies for promoting the development of cleaner production and recycling of materials in the aluminum industry. A qualitative description of the anthropogenic cycles of aluminum is the foundation for a quantitative substance flow analysis. Based on the framework of stocks and flows developed by previous researchers, the anthropogenic aluminum cycles are described in terms of 4 phases, 4 kinds of reservoirs and 4 kinds of flows. The 4 phases are： 1 ） production, including the exploitation of bauxite, the production of alumina, and the smelting of primary aluminum; 2） fabrication and manufacturing; 3 ） use; 4） discarding and recycling. The 4 kinds of reservoirs are： 1 ） mines of bauxite and other aluminum ores; 2） temporary industrial or government stocks of alumina, aluminum, and aluminum alloys; 3） stocks in use; 4） reservoirs of aluminum waste, including dumps of gangue, railings, slag, and landfills. The 4 kinds of flows are ： 1 ） flows from the lithosphere to the four successive phases and finally to landfills; 2） recycling flows of new and old scrap; 3 ） waste flows along the entire life cycle to the fourth reservoir; 4） regional import/export flows. For the 4 successive phases, the paper presents a schematic diagram of anthropogenic aluminum cycles, which provides a detailed framework for national quantitative substance flow analysis of aluminum and the relevant energy/emergy/exergy flows, value flows and environmental burdens. This framework can be also applied to other metals in order to describe their anthropogenic cycles at the national scale.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第7期1004-1012,共9页
Resources Science
关键词
铝
物质流分析
资源流
社会流动过程
Aluminum
Substance flow analysis
SFA
Resource flows
Anthropogenic cycles
