摘要
自1993年Tony Allan教授正式提出虚拟水的概念以来,虚拟水越来越被人们所重视,认为虚拟水在保障粮食安全,环境保护,水资源管理等方面具有重要作用。中国与东盟农产品贸易额从1999年至今逐年增加,农产品的区域间流动实际上也包含了蕴藏在其中的虚拟水的转移。在计算2005年中国与东盟农产品贸易中虚拟水含量的过程中使用联合国粮农组织推荐的彭曼公式,根据WTO发布的《农业协议》附件一中界定的农产品范围确定贸易中农产品类型,农产品贸易数据来源于联合国统计署UNCOMTRADE数据库,气象数据参考粮农组织提供的ClimWat气象数据库资料。计算结果表明2005年中国在与东盟的农产品贸易中出口虚拟水36×108m3,进口43.3×108m3,净进口7.3×108m3。
Virtual water show its important role in food security, environmental protection, water resource management and other fields since Professor Tony Allan proposed the concept of virtual water in 1993. Volume of agricultural commodity trade between China and ASEAN increases with years since 1999. ASEAN has already been the important region that China import agricultural commodity from there and the transfer of the regional agricultural commodity expresses the virtual water diversion contained in the agricultural commodity between the regions. Penman-Monteith model is the major tool commended by FAO to calculate the volume of virtual water between Chinese and ASEAN＇ s agricultural commodity trade in 2005. For this calculation, which goods traded between China and ASEAN belong to agricultural commodity category should be identified at first. So we reference the agricultural commodity category defined in the appendix Classification of Crops which is the appendix of Agriculture Agreement issued by FAO. Related data of agricultural commodity trade can be gotten from UNCOMTRADE database which is remained with The United Nations Statistics Department. The agricultural commodity trade statistical data acquired from the UNCOMTRADE database excluded the animal and animal fur products. However, the classification number of agricultural commodity dealt in between china and ASEAN is much higher than which defined in the software CropWat, so the categories should be merged. Finally, the agricultural commodity involved the statistical data was divided into 35 types of which 21 types were included in CropWat, and the rest 14 types could not be found in CropWat. The meteorological data reference to the FAO meteorological database ClimWat which is designed to cooperate with the software CropWat. In the calculation the Asia-sub database was used, including the meteorological data of China and 8 ASEAN countries. Moreover, the agricultural commodity that China imported from ASEAN mainly included rice, fruits, and vegetables. Main parts of these were exported from Thailand except banana. The ASEAN banana was mostly planted in Philippines. In the calculation of the virtual water contained in ASEAN banana weather information was selected from the Philippines, Manila station data, and the meteorological data calculating the remaining agricultural commodity virtual water was selected from Bangkok, Thailand station data. When calculating the agricultural commodity virtual water exported from China, the meteorology data was selected from the provincial capital where the yield of this kind of crop is highest. If the meteorology data of the provincial capital was absent ,the meteorology data would be selected from the adjacent city which climate condition is similar to the provincial capital＇s climate condition. The crop yield per unit area used in calculating virtual water could access from FAOSTAT database possessed by FAO. In the database the queried data of national crop yield per unit area is average value. When calculating the virtual water of agricultural commodity exported from ASEAN, banana yield per unit area selected from Philippines and the yield per unit area of the remaining agricultural commodity were derived from Thailand. ff the yield per unit area about Thailand could not be found, the yield per unit area of other ASEAN countries was selected as an alternative. The results show that China export agricultural commodity virtual water 36 × 10^8 m^3 to ASEAN and import agricultural commodity virtual water 43.3 × 10^8 m^3 from ASEAN, so the volume of China net import agricultural commodity virtual water is 7.3 × 10^8 m^3 in 2005.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第7期999-1003,共5页
Resources Science
基金
国家科技部国际合作重点项目:“中德全球环境变化联合研究”(编号:2005DFA20010)
关键词
虚拟水
农产品贸易
东盟
Virtual water
Agricultural commodity trade
ASEAN
