摘要
朱砂作为传统中药已有2000多年历史,1963年至2005年《中国药典》各版均予收载。朱砂主要用于治疗心悸易惊、失眠多梦、癫痫发狂、小儿惊风、视物昏花、口疮、喉痹和疮疡肿毒等。近年研究证明,朱砂具有镇静催眠、抗惊厥、抗心律失常、抗菌、抗寄生虫等作用。《中国药典》规定朱砂的日用剂量为0.1～0.5g。但据不完全统计,目前约有170多种朱砂制剂中的朱砂用量超过上述剂量。朱砂的主要成分为硫化汞(HgS),其毒性很小;但大剂量或长期服用可引起急、慢性中毒,这可能与朱砂含有游离汞和可溶性汞盐有关。朱砂所致中毒表现为口腔黏膜溃疡、急性胃肠炎、神经和肾功能损害、循环衰竭,甚至死亡。作者认为对朱砂临床应用的利弊有待对朱砂及其制剂的有效性和安全性作深入研究的基础上再作科学评价。
Cinnabar （Zhusha） has a history, of two thousand years and more as a traditional Chinese medicine, and it was included in each edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia from 1963 to 2005. Cinnabar is mainly used for treatment of palpitation and terror, insomnia and dreaminess, epileptic seizure, infantile convulsion, blurred vision, aphtha, inflammation of throat, and ulcer and swelling of the skin. Recent studies suggest that cinnabar has sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsive, anti-arrhythmic, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. Daily dosage of cinnabar is 0.1 - 0.5 g in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, according to incomplete statistics, the commonly used dosage of about 170 cinnabar preparations exceeds the dosage limit in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The main composition of cinnabar is mercuric sulfide （HgS）. Despite lower toxicity of mercuric sulfide, acute or chronic poisoning can occur after high dosage or long-term use of cinnabar. And it might be related to free mercury or soluble mercuric salts in cinnabar. The presentations of cinnabar poisoning were oral mucosal ulcer, acute gastroenteritis, neurological and renal damage, circulatory failure, and death. The authors suggest that the scientific reassessment of its benefit and risk in clinical practice should be performed on the basis of a thorough investigation and study in the efficacy and safety of cinnabar and its preparations.
出处
《药物不良反应杂志》
2008年第3期184-189,共6页
Adverse Drug Reactions Journal
关键词
朱砂
中药
应用
安全性
cinnabar
traditional Chinese medicine
application
safety
