摘要
对所研制的岩石节理剪切–渗流耦合试验系统的结构和功能进行详细介绍。该系统包括法向和切向力加载系统、水压加载系统和渗流剪切盒3部分。最大法向和切向荷载均为600 kN;试样尺寸为200 mm(沿剪切方向)×100 mm(垂直于剪切方向)×100 mm(高)和300 mm(沿剪切方向)×300 mm(垂直于剪切方向)×150 mm(高),可在渗透压力为0.5 MPa(相当于50 m高的水头)时,在节理剪切过程中,剪切盒保持密封不渗漏。其中法向力加载除了可以实现常法向应力和常法向位移的加载方式外,还可以实现常法向刚度的加载方式,更符合客观实际;水压加载系统是用类似"针筒注射器"的装置完成,在试验过程中可分别测量进水口和出水口处的水压和流量;经特殊设计的渗流剪切盒可以保证节理在进行剪切渗流试验中,一定压力的渗流水会沿指定路径流过节理面,且不发生渗漏。将以上各部分形成系统,可以实现岩石节理剪切–渗流耦合试验的功能。利用研制的系统,对取自雅砻江水电站锦屏二期工程的岩样进行试验,结果表明:所研制的新试验系统可以满足节理剪切–渗流耦合试验的要求,且系统操作方便,试验过程稳定,试验数据精度较高,可用于探索水库、大坝、地下洞室的开挖、矿山深度开采、石油深度开采、深部核废料处理、地热开采等极为广泛工程领域的自然现象与深刻规律,为能源与资源的开发提供研究手段。
A new laboratory apparatus for coupling shear and seepage of rock joints is developed and used to investigate coupling effect of joint shear deformation and dilatancy on hydraulic conductivity of rock joints. The test apparatus consists of three parts： a normal and shear force loading system, a hydraulic loading system and a sealing shear box, each including a control and data acquisition unit. The maximum normal pressure and shear pressure are both 600 kN. The sizes of specimens for directional flow are 200 mm in length along permeation direction, 100 mm in width perpendicular to the permeation direction and 100 mm in height, while those for radial flow are 300 mm in length, 300 mm in width and 150 mm in height. During the shear test of joint specimen, at least until the water pressure reaches 0.5 MPa, equaling to the hydrostatic pressure caused by a water head of 50 m,leakage will not happen at the shear box. Besides the loading condition of constant normal load and constant normal volume, shear test can also be adopted with constant normal stiffness, which is considered to reproduce more real-world phenomena than other testing methods by equating spring stiffness with the stiffness of surrounding ground. The principle of hydraulic loading system is similar to a ＂needle syringe＂ . In the course of coupling shear and seepage test, the flow rate and water pressure of water inlet and outlet can be measured at any time. The sealing shear box is designed especially to meet the purpose that seepage water of high-pressure flows along appointed path of joint face during the test while no leakage will happen. A lot of shear-seepage tests are carded out on rock samples from Jinping area on Yalong River of China. The results reveal the following facts： （1） the apparatus can satisfy the requirement for coupled shear-seepage test of rock joints; （2） the apparatus is easy to operate with satisfactory performance, and the precision of results meet the national standards for regular test. It can be used to investigate certain scientific natures of reservoir and dam safety, cavern excavation, deep mining process, deep petroleum extraction, nuclear waste disposal and geothermal excavation, etc..
出处
《岩石力学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期1285-1291,共7页
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40472142,50579088)
关键词
岩石力学
岩石节理
剪切
渗流
试验系统
渗透水压
研制
rock mechanics
rock joint
shear
seepage
test system
seepage water
research and development
