摘要
目的:比较优秀青少年女子足球运动员与普通女中学生在注意能力特征上的不同,分析优秀女子足球运动员场上不同位置注意特征的差异,据此建立优秀青少年女子足球运动员注意特征的判别模型。方法:实验于2005-10在山东省足球学校和2006-03在山东省济宁学院附中进行。选择64名二级运动员以上优秀青少年女子足球运动员,其中,前锋18名、前卫20名、后卫26名,以同年龄组普通女中学生80名为对照。采用国家体育总局体育科学研究所研发的"运动员竞技心理能力和状态诊断测试软件"和"WT-注意测试软件(1.0版)"进行注意稳定、注意分配、注意转移、注意广度和注意力5项指标的测试。对数据进行正态分布、T检验、判别分析等统计处理,最后建立优秀青少年女子足球运动员注意特征的判别方程。结果:144名受试者均进入结果分析。①优秀青少年女子足球运动员注意能力明显优于普通女学生(P<0.05),两者在注意分配和注意转移两指标上差异显著(P<0.01),在注意稳定和注意广度两指标上不存在差异。②在注意分配能力上后卫、前卫、前锋之间不存在显著性差异;注意广度前卫队员最好,与前锋之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);注意稳定能力后卫队员最好,与前卫、前锋队员有显著性差异(P<0.05,0.01);注意转移能力前锋队员最好,与前卫队员有显著性差异(P<0.05)。③建立了优秀青少年女子足球运动员注意特征的判别方程,其内部验证符合率为93.5%,交叉验证符合率为91.6%。结论:①多年系统的足球训练可以促进青少年女子足球运动员注意能力和注意特征的快速发展和提高。②场上不同的位置要求对运动员的注意特征有着很大的影响,在一定程度上反映了优秀青少年女子足球运动员的专项心理特征。③建立的判别模型对运动员的评价准确可靠。
AIM： To compare the attention ability characteristics between the elite young female soccer players and ordinary female middle-school students, and analyze attention characteristics of the elite young female soccer players at different positions, so as to establish the distinction model for them.
METHODS： The experiment was carded out in Soccer School of Shandong Province in October 2005 and Jining Institute Attached Middle School in March 2006. Sixty-four second-level or above outstanding young female soccer athletes were selected including 18 forward, 20 halfback and 26 back persons. Meanwhile, 80 ordinary female middle-school students served as controls. Using the Athletics Psychology Ability and Condition Diagnosis Test Software and WT - attention test software （1.0 version） developed by the Sports Research Institute of National Sports Bureau, the detection on the attention stability, attention assignment, attention shift, attention span and attention was carded out. The data were analyzed by normal distribution, T-test, and distinction analysis to establish the distinction equation for the attention characteristics of outstanding young female soccer athletes.
RESULTS： 144 subjects were all involved in the result analysis. ①The attention ability of outstanding young female soccer athletes was significantly superior to that of the ordinary female middle-school student （P 〈 0.05）. There were significant differences in attention assignment and attention shift between them （P 〈 0.01）, but no differences in attention stability and span. ②In the outstanding female soccer athletes, no significant differences were found in attention characteristic among different positions. Halfback showed the best attention span, which was remarkably different from forward （P 〈 0.05）; the attention stability of back was the best, and markedly different compared with halfback and forward （P 〈 0.05, 0.01）; forward presented the best attention shift ability, which was different from halfback （P 〈 0.05）. ③The distinction equation for the attention characteristic of the outstanding young female soccer athlete was established. The accordance rate of internal validation was 93.5%, and that of cross validation was 91.6%.
CONCLUSION： ①Systematic soccer training for a long-term can promote the attention ability and characteristics of young female soccer athletes. ②Positions on the field have tremendous influence on their attention characteristics. ③The established distinction equation is reliable to evaluate the female soccer athletes.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第7期1291-1294,共4页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
