摘要
目的评价口腔黏膜渗出液检测艾滋病病毒Ⅰ/Ⅱ型(HIV-1/2)抗体的敏感性和特异性,及其与血液HIV-1/2抗体检测试剂的一致性。方法分别取已知HIV感染者及未感染者餐前及餐后10分钟、餐后1小时,饮酒前、饮酒后,牙周疾病患者、健康志愿者的口腔黏膜渗出液标本,检测HIV-1/2抗体。同时平行采集上述人群的血清标本,通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HIV-1/2抗体。并进一步通过ELISA方法检测标准血清转换盘,同时用此试剂检测该感染者的口腔黏膜渗出液标本中的HIV-1/2抗体。结果15例已知HIV感染者(餐前、餐后10分钟、餐后1小时,饮酒前、饮酒后)口腔黏膜渗出液标本为阳性,其余口腔黏膜渗出液标本均为阴性;15例已知HIV感染者血清标本均为阳性,1例健康志愿者血清标本呈阳性(后经Western Blot试验确认为阴性),余血清HIV抗体均为阴性。该口腔黏膜渗出液HIV抗体检测试剂的敏感性为100%,特异性为100%,与ELISA检测的一致性为99.85%。血清转换盘实验结果显示,血清标本于感染后的33天检出阳性,口腔黏膜渗出液于感染后的28天检出阳性。结论利用口腔黏膜渗出液检测HIV-1/2型抗体与现行的血液ELISA检测结果相近。口腔黏膜渗出液标本采集方便而且危险性小,在采血较困难的人群、基层医疗机构、艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)门诊等,可考虑使用口腔黏膜渗出液进行HIV抗体的初筛检测。
Objective To evaluate the method of detecting antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Type 2 （HIV-1/2） in human oral muccsal transudate specimens （OMT）.Methods Paired OMT and serum specimens were collected from 15 HIV positive cases, 15 HIV negative cases,30 periodontal disease cases and 570 healthy volunteers, and the collected specimens were tested for HIV antibody by using OMT HIV-1/2 test kits and ELISA kits. Paired OMT and serum seroconversion specimens were sequentially detected. Result All OMT specimens from HIV infected persons showed positive reactions and the rest showed negative ones,All serum specimens from the HIV infected persons showed positive reactionsl one serum specimen from the healthy volunteers showed positive reactions either （only by Western Blot test） and the rest showed negative reactions.The sensitivity of the OMT test was 100% and its specificity was 100%. In general,the consistent rate of HIV-1/2 antibody screened by OMT test and ELISA test was 99.85% .As shown by the seroconversion test, positive reactions in serum specimens and OMT specimens were detected in 28 and 33 days after the infection,respectively.Conclusion The method of detecting HIV-1/2 antibody in OMT specimens had high sensitivity and specificity and also showed similar results with those of the serurn ELISA test. Therefore, this method is recommended to be introduced in HIV antibody screening practice.
出处
《中国艾滋病性病》
CAS
2008年第1期18-20,共3页
Chinese Journal of Aids & STD
