摘要
对纳西象形文字识别中的形、音、义激活进行了考察。实验1采用色词干扰的实验范式。结果表明,纳西象形文字的字形比字音和语义更易被激活。命名颜色字的形似字的颜色比命名颜色字的音同或音似字、语义联想字的颜色快。实验2采用色词干扰实验范式的变式。结果表明,当SOA=100ms时,颜色字及其形似字对颜色块命名的启动效应显著。当SOA为200ms和400ms时,颜色字的语义联想字对颜色块命名的启动效应显著。整个研究表明,在纳西象形文字识别中,字形信息首先被激活,其次是语义,字音的激活不明显。纳西象形文字的识别符合直通假设。所以如此,与纳西象形文字的特点有关。
Introduction
Two questions arise during the cognition of words： how the meanings of words are accessed and whether the phonology of words can be activated automatically？ These questions are hot topics in the areas of cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics. Previous studies showed inconsistent results due to different materials and experimental paradigms. Three theories have been proposed based on the studies of alphabetic writing skiUs. 1. Phonological mediation model that suggests that people captured the meaning of words through the activation of phonology. Phonology plays a mediator role in lexical access. 2. Direct access model that assumes that people derive the meanings of words from graphs, and phonological activation was the additional process. 3. Dual route model that suggested that the route of graph - enabled meaning ran parallel to the route of graph - phonology - enabled meaning in lexical access. However, these theories have long been disputed by many researchers. In the present study, we used Naxi pictographs in order to investigate the graphic, phonological, and semantic activation of words.
Methods
The study included 2 experiments. Experiment 1 adopted the color - word interference paradigm. Fourteen Naxi individuals who were aware of Naxi pictographs participated in the experiment. The experimental materials included 20 Naxi pictographs consisting of 4 color words, namely, red, white, yellow, and green; homographs, homophones, and synonyms of color words; and 4 neutral words. These words shared same familiarity and complication. The subjects were asked to name the color of the words fast and accurately. Experiment 2 used the priming paradigm to determine the effects of graphic, phonological, and semantic information on the naming of color squares in different SOA （100,200, and 400 ms）. The color words were presented first and the color squares later. The subjects were asked to name the color of the squares fast and accurately. Forty - five Naxi individuals who were aware of Naxi pictographs participated in 3 sub - experiments.
Results
The results of Experiment 1 showed that the graphic information was easily activated than phonological and semantic information. The subjects named the color of the characters that were similar in form with the color words faster than the color of the characters that were similar in phonology or meaning with the color words. The results of Exper/ment 2 showed that the priming effects of the words that were similar in form with the color words appeared when SOA = 100 ms. The priming effects of the words that were similar in meaning with color words appeared when SOA = 200 and 400 ms. The study showed that graphic information of Naxi pictographs is activated first, followed by the semantic information. Further, no evident phonological activation was found. The cognition of Naxi pictographs was consistent with the hypothesis of direct access. This was due to the characteristics of Naxi pictographs.
Conclusions
1. The graphic information of Naxi pictographs was easily activated than phonological and semantic information.
2. In the cognition of Naxi pictographs, the graphic information of Naxi pictographs followed by the semantic information. Further, no evident phonological activation was found.
3. The cognition of Naxi pictographs was consistent with the direct access model. The related to the characteristics of Naxi pictographs.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第5期807-818,共12页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(05JZD00034)
广东省自然科学基金团队项目(06200524)资助
关键词
纳西象形文字
字形
字音
字义
激活
Naxi pictographs, graph, phonology, meaning, activation.
