摘要
水洞沟遗址第3、4、5地点位于水洞沟盆地西南边缘,自1923年发现以来,这三个地点尚未经过正式发掘。2004年夏秋季节,宁东重化工基地引黄管道的修建要穿越盆地的边缘,遂对这三个地点进行了抢救性发掘。发掘共揭露110m2,出土和采集了上千件石制品和鸵鸟蛋皮。下文化层的石制品主体呈现出与水洞沟第1地点相同的文化面貌;上文化层石制品和采集品特征则与第6地点表现出较强的一致性,其中包含大量的细石器制品。另外,在水洞沟盆地首次发现了两面器类型。此次发掘出土的文化遗物丰富了水洞沟遗址的文化内涵,对研究水洞沟文化与华北相邻区域古文化关系有重要意义。
Localities 3, 4 and 5, which are distributed along the southwest margin of the Shuidonggou basin, are the important localities of the Shuidonggou site. These three localities originally discovered in 1923 were excavated from August to October 2004, as part of a salvage archaeological operation due to file construction of a diversion channel for the Ningdong Heavy Chemical Base. These excavations exposed an area of about 110 m^2 , with more than 1000 stone artifacts and ostrich egg fragments. The upper cultural layer and surface lithic assemblage includes a total of 928 pieces （479 from surface and 347 from Layer lof Locality 4; 102 from the upper layer and surface of Localities 3, 5）. More than 30% of the artifacts are blades and there is a high percentage of chert. Preliminary technological analysis of retouched tools plus analysis of the stage of fossilization of ostrich egg fragments （including age of extinction for the ostrich in this region） indicate that the lithic assemblages from localities 3, 4 and 5 is dated from the end Upper Paleolithic to the early Lower Neolithic. The lower cultural layer lithic assemblage includes about 85 pieces that were excavated from Layer 6 at the three localities. Analysis of the type, morphology and technique of stone artifacts indicates that this layer seems to be more primitive in its cultural features than the upper cultural layer. Approximately 61.5 % of the raw materials were dolomite, an observation that shows similarities to the Shuidonggou cultural layer of the Upper Paleolithic in North China. Cores, flakes, blade and bifacally retouched tools are the main classes. There are no typical microliths or Levallois-style cores. The principal manufacturing technique is direct hammer percussion with common core preparation. Bipolar and soft-hammer percussion are used here. Stratigraphic comparison of the three localities with localities 1 and 7 at Shuidonggou have yielded an age earlier than found at cultural layer 8 as well as similarities to the cultural layer of Locality 7, therefore placing the lower cultural layers of the three localities to the late Upper Pleistocene. Therefore, it can be concluded that the stone tool assemblages of the lower cultural layer shows a close affinity with Shuidonggou 1 Upper Paleolithic cultural characters, whereas the lithic industry from the upper layer and collectors （include many microliths ） indicates a close relationship with Shuidonggou 6 localities. Bifacial artifacts were a new discovery at the Shuidonggou site. The newly discovered cultural remains enrich the research context of the Shuidonggou site, but are also of great significance in the study of the cultural relationship between the Shuidonggou site and adjacent areas in North China.
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第3期206-221,共16页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB806400)
宁东水务国家重点建设文物保护2004(983)
国家自然科学基金项目(40472016)
