1Kaufman D,Raghavan D,Carducci M,et al.PhaseⅡtrial of gem-citabine plus cisplatin in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer[].Journal of Clinical Oncology.2000
2von der Maase H,Hansen SW,Roberts J T,et al.Gemcitabine andcisplatin versus methotrexate vinblastine,doxorubicin,and cisplatinin advanced on metastatic bladder cancer:results of a large,ran-domized,multinational,multicenter[].phaseⅢstudyJ ClinOncol.2000
7Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, et al. Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial dispari- ties on premature cancer deaths[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2011, 61(4): 212-236.
8GLOBOCAN 2012 (IARC) Section of Cancer Informa- tion [EB/OL].[2014- 09- I1]. http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/ fact_sheets~oopulation.aspx.
9Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, et al. Pre- dicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC tri- als[J]. Eur Urol, 2006, 49(3): 466-477.
10Witjes JA, Comperat. E, Cowan NC, et al. EAU Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer: summa- ry of the 2013 guidelines[J]. Eur Urol, 2014, 65(4): 778-792.