摘要
目的:运用汉语的字谜问题,分析正负诱发情绪状态对顿悟中原型启发效应的影响,以进一步探讨情绪与顿悟问题解决之间的关系。方法:①实验对象与分组:选取西南大学物理学院大一学生53人,平均年龄19岁。所有受试者实验前均未参加过心理学课程及瑞文推理测验,且平时很少接触字谜测验,裸视或矫正视力正常。随机数字表法分为3组:正面情绪诱导组23人、负面情绪诱导组17人、控制组13人。②情绪诱发的处理:在《瑞文标准推理测验(中国城市版)》中选择难度较大的14道题目,各组受试者完成后给予由计算机程序事先设定的反馈结果。正面情绪诱导组给以诱导正面情绪的总反馈。控制组不接受任何情绪的诱导,只观看记录片《国家地理百年纪念:非洲野生动物》中前410s的内容。③原型字谜和靶字谜的选择:在专门用于研究顿悟“原型启发效应”的《字谜库》中选取难度适中的字谜10对,每对字谜包含一个原型字谜和一个靶字谜。④实验过程:由1名与受试者同性别的主试单独施测。第一阶段,各组受试者学习原型字谜。第二阶段,各组进行不同情绪诱发处理。第三阶段,在无任何提示的情况下要求受试者限时(每条12s)猜测谜底。⑤实验评估条件:每正确猜测1个靶字谜记1分,猜错或猜不出为0分。结果:实验选取西南大学物理学院大一学生53人均进入结果分析。①正面情绪诱导组靶字谜测试成绩为(7.957±1.609)分,负面情绪诱导组为(5.647±1.579)分,控制组为(5.539±1.266)分。与正面情绪诱导组比较,负面情绪诱导组及控制组靶字谜测试成绩的差异均达到极显著水平(t=4.523～4.655,P均<0.05);负面情绪诱导组与控制组靶字谜测试成绩差异无显著性意义(t=0.203,P>0.05)。②性别对靶字谜测试成绩的影响无显著性意义(F=0.002,P=0.961),性别和情绪的交互作用也无显著性意义(F=1.108,P=0.339),但情绪对靶字谜测试成绩的主效应达到极其显著的水平(F=16.178,P=0.000)。结论:①难度中等的靶字谜测试,诱发的正面情绪对原型启发效应有促进作用,而负面情绪对原型启发效应无明显影响。②性别变量在正、负面情绪条件下均未产生显著主效应。
AIM：To study the prototypal Iogogriph （a riddle about a Chinese character）, analyze the influence of positive or negative emotion on prototype elicitation effect in insight, and further inquiry the correlation between emotion and insight. METHODS： ①Experimental grouping： Fifty-three freshmen were recruited from School of Physics in Southwest China University, aged 19 years for average, with normal uncorrected or corrected vision. They had no experience of participating in psychological course or Raven＇s Deductive Reasoning test, and seldom contacted with Iogogriph test. All the subjects were randomly divided into three groups： positive inductive emotion group （n =23）, negative inductive emotion group （n =17）, and control group （n =13）.②Emotion induction： Fourteen difficult items selected from Raven＇s Deductive Reasoning test （China City Version） were used to test all the subjects, who were given the feedback result that was precious set by computer. Positive inductive emotion was given in the positive group, while no induction was conducted in the control group, which was forced to see National Geographic 100 Years： Animals of Afnca for 410 seconds. ③Prototypal Iogogriph and target Iogogriph： 10 pairs of medium difficult Iogogriphs were selected from Logognph Bank to investigate the prototype elicitation effect in insight, each pair included a prototypal Iogogriph and a target Iogogriph.④One examiner was corresponding for one age-matched testee. Firstly, the participants studied the prototypal Iogogriph. Secondly, positive or negative emotion was inducted. Thirdly all the subjects were forced to guess the answer within 12 seconds for each Iogogriph.⑤One correct answer for target Iogogriph was scored as 1 point, wrong answer or no answer as 0 point. RESULTS： All of 53 freshmen were involved in the result analysis. ①The test marks of the target Iogogriph in positive group, negative group and control group were （7.957±1.609）, （5.647±1.579） and （5.539±1.266） points, respectively. Positive inductive emotion group had an extremely significant difference from negative inductive emotion group and control group （t =4.523-4.655, P 〈 0.05）, there was no significant difference between negative inductive emotion group and control group （t =0.203, P 〉 0.05）.②The sex hadn＇t significant main effect on the test marks of target Iogogriph （F =0.002, P=0.961）. There was insignificance of the interaction between sex and emotion （F=1.108, P=0.339）. Emotion had an extremely significant main effect on the marks （F=16.178, P=0.000）. CONCLUSION： ①In the test of medium difficult target Iogogriph, the positive inductive emotion promotes the prototype elicitation effect in insight, and the negative inductive emotion does not influence the effect significantly. ②The sexual variable plays insignificant main effect under the positive or negative emotions.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第26期5102-5105,共4页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
基金
西南大学国家重点学科"基础心理学"项目资助(西国重04001)~~
